1. 1 India - Opportunities in Infrastructure for Foreign Investors Arvind Mayaram Department of Economic Affairs Ministry of Finance Government of India

2. 2 Investment scenario  GCFI in infrastructure as percentage of GDP 4.6 % during the tenth plan  If growth in GDP to be sustained GCFI in infrastructure must keep pace.  Total estimated investment of USD 320-350 billion in infrastructure up to 2012

3. 3 Investment Opportunities in India Indicative  TRANSPORT: Roads ($ 48 bn.): BOT preferred mode; NHDP-40,000 kms Airports ($ 9 bn.): 4 Metro, 35 Non-metro airports Ports ($ 12 bn.): All new berths through BOT Railways ($ 12 billion): Container trains, DFC, Stations  POWER Generation ($ 130 bn.): Transmission, Distribution OTHER SECTORS  Gas Pipelines: Cross Country, Intra-city pipelines  Telecom  Health and Education Infrastructure  Urban Mass Transport  Urban Water Supply, Solid Waste Management

4. 4 Government is committed to PPP mode- Why?  Maximizing investment  Budgetary constraints  Development of assets of world class standards  Improved maintenance and management of assets  Provision of efficient services  Affordable prices through greater competition  Risk Sharing

5. 5 What are Foreign Investors looking for?  Good projects  Demand Potential  Revenue Potential  Stable Policy Environment/Political Commitment  Optimal Risk Allocation Framework  Independent Regulation

6. 6 Does India have it?

7. 7 Good Projects  Large Package sizes are being insisted upon by GoI in the road and other sectors  Design based on superior technology which may not be available domestically

8. 8 Demand Potential Ports: 877 million tonnes of traffic by 2011-2012 15.5% growth expected in containerized traffic Airports: Passenger and cargo traffic slated to grow at over 20% annually Railways: Freight traffic is growing at close to 10% and passenger traffic at close to 8% annually Power: 13% peaking and 8% average shortage of power annually Telecom: Rural penetration less than 4%

9. 9 Revenue Potential  India scores because of its large untapped markets  Example: India is a telecom success story despite low Average Revenue per User- there is comfort in numbers  Power: High revenue recovery recorded in recent times with 100% recovery in many cases  High economic growth rate has translated into a larger disposable income and larger spending capacity  Willingness to pay exists provided delivery is of good quality

10. 10 Stable Policy Environment  Model Concession Agreements for each sector guaranteeing protection against change in law, change in taxation  Clarity in obligations of the authority and provision for penalty for breach of obligation

11. 11 Optimal Risk Allocation  Demand Risk is partly mitigated through provisions for change in duration of concession –both upside and downside  Competition from other suppliers limited through a variety of non-compete clauses  Escalation in input costs mitigated through indexation of user charges to inflation  Construction and performance risk to be borne by the investor  Political risk and force majeure risks borne by the Government

12. 12  Termination payments and terms protect against arbitrary termination by Government  Land acquisition risk borne by government  Risk relating to permits and approvals especially environment permission borne by government  Provision of other related infrastructure an obligation of the authority

13. 13 Independent Regulation  Telecom Regulatory Authority of India  Central Electricity Regulatory Commission/State Electricity Regulatory Commissions  Tariff Authority for Major Ports  Airport Economic Regulatory Authority  Robust ‘regulation by contract’

14. 14 Is there a financing constraint or is it the problem of lack of a good project pipeline?

15. 15 Steps taken by government to ease financing constraints  Viability Gap Funding (VGF)  India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited (IIFCL)  India Infrastructure Initiative ($ 5 bn. Fund)  Enhanced Annual External Commercial Borrowing ceiling  Bonds- reporting platform started and trading platform slated to start from July 1, 2007  Permission to foreign financial institutions and multilaterals to raise rupee resources: ADB allowed to raise rupee resources  Encouraging development of new instruments such as grading of PPP projects/SPV rating by the major credit rating companies

16. 16 Creating a pipeline  Building capacity within institutions to handle large PPP program, including project preparation  Preparation of project preparation manuals, handbooks on procedures, toolkits, standard bidding and contract documents etc.  Expert support to central ministries/state governments for project preparation  India Infrastructure Project Development fund

17. 17 Thank You

18. 18

19. 19 Sectoral Opportunities

20. 20 Power (Estimated investment: USD 60 billion)  Over 67000 MW capacity to be added in the 11 th plan period (2007-08 to 2011-2012)  9 UMPPs to be implemented during the 11 th and 12 th plans  Transmission capacity augmentation through JVs for new generation

21. 21 Roads (Estimated investment: USD 49 billion)  NHDP-II: 4569 km, $103800 mn.  NHDP-III: 10000 km $155200 mn.  NHDP-IV: 20000 km $66100 mn.  NHDP-V: 6500 km $98100 mn.  NHDP-VI: 1000 km $39700 mn.  NHDP-VII: $38000 mn.  State Roads programme are in addtion

22. 22 Railways (Estimated investment USD 67 billion)  Dedicated Freight Corridors with PPP sub-projects envisaging more than USD 7 billion investment for the North South, East West Corridors alone  Container operations  Rail side warehousing  Logistics Parks  Development of Rail links to Ports  Dedicated rail links for evacuation of specific industrial items  Modernization of Railway Stations  Development of new routes

23. 23 Airports (estimated investment USD 9 billion)  Metro Airport development through PPP  Greenfield Airports  Concept of Merchant Airports being examined by Government  City side development in 24 Non-metro Airports  Provision of Services within airports

24. 24 Ports: (Estimated investment USD 11 billion)  National Maritime Development Programme  387 port projects  All new berths on PPP basis  Gradual transition of old berths to PPP

25. 25 Telecom  Untapped rural potential with low rural tele-density of 1.9% which must increase to 10% by 2012  Almost a million broadband connections added in 2006-2007. With low penetration scope for further increase

26. 26 Urban Infrastructure  Mass Rapid Transit Systems at Mumbai at a capital cost of about USD 2.5 billion, Hyderabad and Kolkata at about USD 1 billion each, Ahmedabad at about USD 950 million and other cities