1. Mississippi in Transition
Secession and Civil War
Titan Blaster:
Read the first paragraph on page 104. Explain the second sentence.

2. The USS Cairo
Remains of the Union gunboat, Cairo are on display at the Vicksburg National Military Park. The Cairo was sunk on December 12, 1862 during an attack on Vicksburg gun batteries.

3. The Slavery Issue
The labor for producing cotton was provided mainly by slaves.
Lincoln made it a religious issue when he quoted the Bible.
Jesus knew their thoughts and said to them, "Every kingdom divided against itself will be ruined, and every city or household divided against itself will not stand.
- Matthew 12:25

4. Actual Slave Flyer

5. The Missouri Compromise
In 1819, the United States had 22 states – 11 free states (no slaves allowed) and 11 slave states (slavery permitted).
All slave states were in the South.
The dividing line was the Ohio River.

6. The Missouri Compromise
Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to come into the nation as a slave state with Maine coming in as a free state.

7. The Antislavery Movement
Emancipation – freedom
The American Colonization Society removed slaves back to Africa.
This led to the MS chapter that sent former slaves to Liberia.

8. The Nullification Crisis
States rights was a principle that stated the individual states’ powers should be stronger than the federal governments.
Tariff – A tax on foreign goods that is designed to keep out competition.
Nullification – means to prevent the enforcement of a law (here a federal law).

9. The Nullification Crisis
John C. Calhoun – Vice President said states could ignore federal laws. When this was challenged, a compromise took place.
This split the VP and President Andrew Jackson.

10. The Compromise of 1850
Newly won Texas (from Mexico) came in as a slave state while California came in as a free state.
Popular sovereignty – a vote by those living there (specifically the West). This came from the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.
The Republican Party was formed to oppose the expansion of slavery.
1857, the US Supreme Court ruled in the Dred Scott decision that slavery could not be banned in territories.

11. The Compromise of 1850

12. Mississippi’s reaction
Governor John A. Quitman favored secession (withdrawal from the Union) to keep slaves.
William Sharkey wanted delegates to give Congress some time to figure it (slavery) out.
MS senator Henry Foote of Vicksburg wanted a pro-South compromise.
Jefferson Davis ran for governor believing secession was the only way for MS to go.
Most Mississippians wanted to remain in the Union.

13. Prelude to war
John Brown’s Raid of the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA.
He tried to provoke a slave rebellion, but was hanged.
Rebellion was put down by
Colonel Robert E. Lee’s troops.

14. Titan Blaster
You will get a Titan Blaster grade today for this activity. If you do not help, you get a zero regardless of what your group gets.
Each row will be asked one of the questions on page 110. You won’t know which question until time is called.
Your speaker must give the correct answer to your question for a 100.
You have 8 minutes… Go.

15. Who would you vote for?

16. How about these choices?

17. These were the choices in 1860

18. The Election of 1860
Northern Democrat Stephen Douglas, who favored popular sovereignty in the territories, was the leading candidate to win the Democratic nomination.
The Southern democrats left the meeting and named their own candidate, Breckinridge.
The Constitutional party named John Bell of Tennessee as their candidate.
The Republican party named Abraham Lincoln of Illinois as their nominee. They favored no new slave states or territories.
Breckinridge won MS. Bell finished a close second, while Douglas finished a distant third.
Mississippi did not allow Lincoln’s name on their ballots.

19. The Election of 1860
                                                                   
                                                                   
Abraham Lincoln
John Breckinridge
Republican
Southern Democrat
18 states won
11 states won
180 electoral votes
72 electoral votes
Democrats made it clear that their candidate must defend slavery in his platform.
A platform is a statement of principles and policies that the party supports.

20. The Confederate States of America

21. President Jefferson Davis
Mississippi was the second state to secede from the USA.
Mississippian Jefferson Davis was elected president.
He was born in Kentucky, but moved to Mississippi at the age of two.
The Confederate government was set up in Montgomery, Alabama.
When Virginia seceded, the capital was changed to Richmond, Virginia.

22. Flags of the Confederacy
Stars & Bars
Flags of the Confederacy
The pattern and colors of this flag did not distinguish it sharply from the Stars and Stripes of the Union. Consequently, considerable confusion was caused on the battlefield. The seven stars represent the original Confederate States; South Carolina (December 20, 1860) Mississippi (January 9, 1861) Florida (January 10,1861) Alabama (January 11, 1861) Georgia (January 19, 1861) Louisiana (January 26, 1861) and Texas (February 1, 1861)

23. Flags of the Confederacy
Stainless Banner
Flags of the Confederacy
On May 1st,1863, a second design was adopted, placing the Battle Flag (also known as the "Southern Cross") as the canton on a white field. This flag was easily mistaken for a white flag of surrender especially when the air was calm and the flag hung limply.)
Efforts to secede failed in Kentucky and Missouri though those states were represented by two of the stars. The flag now had 13 stars having been joined officially by four more states,
Virginia (April 17, 1861),
Arkansas (May 6, 1861),
Tennessee (May 7, 1861),
North Carolina (May 21, 1861).

24. Flags of the Confederacy
Third Flag of the Confederacy
Flags of the Confederacy
The third Official Flag of the Confederacy. On March 4th,1865, a short time before the collapse of the Confederacy, a third pattern was adopted; a broad bar of red was placed on the fly end of the white field.)

25. Flags of the Confederacy
Confederate Battle Flag – Southern Cross
Flags of the Confederacy
The best-known Confederate flag was the Battle Flag, the familiar "Southern Cross". It was carried by Confederate troops in the field which were the vast majority of forces under the confederacy.
The Stars represented the 11 states actually in the Confederacy plus Kentucky and Missouri.
Kentucky and Missouri never officially seceded or joined.
                   

26. Flags of the Confederacy
Bonnie Blue Flag
Flags of the Confederacy
With this rebellion in mind, this flag was used by the Republic of Texas from 1836 to On January 9, 1861 the convention of the People of Mississippi adopted an Ordinance of Secession.
With this announcement the Bonnie Blue flag was raised over the capitol building in Jackson. Harry Macarthy was so inspired that he wrote a song entitled "The Bonnie Blue Flag" which became the second most popular
patriotic song of the Confederacy. The Confederate government did not adopt this flag but the people did and the lone star flags were adopted in some form in five of the southern States that adopted new flags in 1861.
                   

27. Edmund Ruffin
fired the first shot of the Civil War at Fort Sumter, SC.
was a farmer and slaveholder, a Confederate soldier, and an 1850s political activist.

28. The Battle of Fort Sumter
South Carolina seceded from the Union.
The Union Major Anderson refused to evacuate the fort.
There were only two casualties in the entire battle: one Confederate soldier bled to death after a cannon misfired and one Union soldier died after the surrender.

29. The Battle of Fort Sumter
View of Fort Sumter on April 14, 1861 after its surrender by Major Robert Anderson - National Archives

30. Brigadier General Pierre Gustave Toutante (P.G.T.) Beauregard
The general in charge of the Confederate troops was Brig. General P.G.T. Beauregard.
He would serve in the Western campaign in Mississippi during the Seige of Corinth a few years later.
He would surrender to General Sherman in 1865.
He would survive the war and move to New Orleans, LA. He worked with the railroad industry until his death.