1. Weather: space & time differences Prof. Grant Bigg, Head, Department of Geography, University of Sheffield

2. The Climate System

3. (Naturally varying)

4. The Climate System (directly anthropogenically varying)

5. Differences (or variability) over different timescales Millennial Centennial Decadal Interannual Seasonal Daily Hourly

6. Millennial cycling

7. Centennial change Fig. 6.10 IPCC (2007)

8. Decadal change Global surface air temperature (IPCC Fig. 3.6)

9. Interannual change Central England Temperature (from www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs) oCoC

10. Seasonal change Central England Temperature 2009-2011 (from www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs) oCoC

11. Daily change Central England Temperature 2012 (from www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs)

12. Hourly change Let’s look at Google Earth’s weather overlays for hourly variation Then go to spatial scales

13. Stop slide show Go to Google Earth (pre-set to Weather & Terrain only) Expand weather layer Comment on cloud patterns observed over eastern Atlantic Click cloud animation in Temporary Places Turn off weather layer

14. Drag play pointer slowly along describing time evolution and introducing spatial scales Go to yesterday evening and zoom to UK or some other region where overnight variation Point to reduced scale and zoom in to area Move through sequence commenting on what it reveals about space and time scales

15. Go over UK if not there Turn on weather layer Draw attention to weather data and temperature Zoom in to bring more stations Click on station – note features (and that probably from analysis, not real data)

16. Click on hourly and details to give hour by hour step Note forecast only, from US Weather Channel Remove and note spatial limitations of this detailed data to major towns Now switch to radar data and move to clear rainfall zone

17. Note 3 hour 30 minute delay between radar and cloud (radar ahead) – hence mismatch in patterns Activate radar animation Follow through, discussing spatial and temporal scales

18. Sources of data or ideas Royal Meteorological Society MetLink site (www.metlink.org)www.metlink.org Meteorological Office Weather Observations Website (wow.metoffice.gov.uk/home)

19. Suggestions For Weather Space- Time Differences Questions That Can Be Explored With Student Observations Variation over time at home (hourly, daily or longer) Variation over school catchment at same time (synoptic view) For those with solar panels – how does power generation relate to cloudiness?

20. Any Questions?