1. By: Michael Zanecosky

2.  To determine the amount of cadmium in protein shakes and other metals which can have detrimental effects of the body

3.  Looked at three different types of protein shakes ◦ Created different concentrations  ICP ◦ created standards at 5ppm, 10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, and 40ppm  XFR ◦ Ran each protein powder in XRF

4.  Mass Peak  Muscle Peak  EAS Whey Protein

5.  Method ◦ Created standards for cadmium ◦ Created samples for each protein shake  At.001g,.01g,.1g, and 1g/per liter of water ◦ Detected for cadmium ◦ Ran samples ◦ Ran standards

6.  Samples of protein powder were placed in the XRF

7.  Cadmium ◦ Carcinogen, causes kidney abnormalities-glycosuria and proteinuria, can cause cardiovascular disease ◦ Can take 20 years for your body to eliminate some of the cadmium ingested today ◦ Hazardous effects occur when in large amount ◦ Daily recommended value is less than 5µg

8.  Positive effects ◦ Calcium  Bone growth, prevents colon and rectal cancers, can decrease blood pressure ◦ Potassium  Reduces blood pressure, eliminates carbon dioxide from body, maintains pH balance ◦ Sulfur  Production of amino acids in antibodies and cell membranes, helps cells eliminate toxins

9.  Positive effects ◦ Iron  Transports oxygen, boost immune system, antioxidant ◦ Copper  Wound healing

10.  Negative effects ◦ Calcium  Fatigue, kidney stones, muscle cramps, osteoporosis, high blood pressure ◦ Potassium  muscle weakness, low blood pressure, reduced kidney function, heart arrhythmias ◦ Sulfur  Heart damage, reduced eyesight, digestive problems, damages immune system

11.  Negative Effects ◦ Iron  Nausea, vomiting, liver failure, low blood pressure, and even death ◦ Copper  Kidney failure, fever, low blood pressure, anemia, and death

12.  Mass Peak AnalytePercentage Ca74.558% K18.201% S5.254% Fe1.0243% Cu.743%

13.  Muscle Peak AnalytePercentage Ca70.699% K18.262% s11.039%

14.  EAS Whey Protein AnalytePercentage Ca71.914% K19.536% S7.087% Fe.828% Cu.591% F.043%

15.  No cadmium was present at any dilution of the protein shakes for these three brands

16.  No cadmium was present in samples  Ca, K, S and the most prominent elements in protein shakes  All of these elements have positive and negative effects in certain concentrations

17.  http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/magazine- archive/2010/july/food/protein-drinks/what- our-tests-found/index.htm  http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/cadmium/healtheffec ts.html  http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/profiles /Cadmium.pdf  http://www.webmd.com/vitamins- supplements/ingredientmono-781- CALCIUM.aspx?activeIngredientId=781&activeIng redientName=CALCIUM  http://www.natural-health-information- centre.com/potassium.html