1. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES LECTURER PROF.Dr. DEMIR BAYKA

2. INDUCTION PROCESS Indicated Thermal Efficiency also shows the fuel conversion efficiency

3. Fuel / Air Ratio INDUCTION PROCESS

5. PRIMARY GOAL OF INDUCTION INDUCTING MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF AIR RETAINING THE INDUCED AIR IN THE CYLINDER

6. CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS 4 STROKE CYCLE ENGINES VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY 2 STROKE CYCLE ENGINES SCAVENGING EFFICIENCY TRAPPING EFFICIENCY

7. 1. INLET MANIFOLD 2. INLET PORTS 3. INLET VALVES 4. SUPERCHARGING IMPORTANT DESIGN FACTORS

8. IMPORTANT OPERATIONAL FACTORS 1. CHARGE HEATING 2. RESIDUAL GAS FRACTION 3. THROTLING IN SI ENGINES 4. ENGINE SPEED

9. SI ENGINE CI ENGINES DO NOT HAVE CARBURETORS AND HENCE NO THROTTLE VALVE ( WITH SOME EXCEPTIONS ) FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS WILL ALSO HAVE A THROTTLE VALVE

16. PRIMARY GOAL INDUCE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF AIR

17. OTHER GOALS 1. MIX AND EQUALLY DISTRIBUTE FUEL VAPOR INTO AIR

18. 2. EQUALLY DISTRIBUTE MIXTURE STRENGTH AMONG CYLINDERS OTHER GOALS

19. 3. INCREASE LEVEL OF TURBULENCE IN THE CYLINDERS OTHER GOALS

21. EXHAUST VALVE INLET VALVE BLOWDOWN VALVE OVERLAP

23. INERTIA SUPERCHARGING BLOWDOWN

24. VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY CALCULATION ACTUAL mass of induced air mass of air that can THEORETICALLY be induced

25. MASS OF AIR THAT CAN THEORETICALLY BE INDUCED IS CALCULATED FOR A STANDARD AIR DENSITY   single cyl. per cycle number of cyl. rate of induction

26. THE ACTUAL INDUCED AIR IS RELATED TO THE FUEL CONSUMPTION THRU THE AIR/FUEL RATIO

28. OPERATIONAL FACTORS 1. HYDRAULIC LOSSES 2. CHARGE HEATING 3. RESIDUAL GAS FRACTION

29. HYDRAULIC LOSSES ARE AFFECTED BY 1. ENGINE SPEED 2. GEOMETRY OF COMPONENTS

30. APPROXIMATE CALCULATION OF THE PRESSURE DROP DUE TO HYDRAULIC LOSSES CONTINUITY EQUATION is assumed to be constant

31. BERNOUILLI EQUATION ACROSS THE INDUCTION SYSTEM assume

32. slowfast CISI

33. where and

36. for a 45 degree angle