3. SEMINAR ON FM STEREO & SATELLITE BROADCASTING 30 TH APRIL, 2009 INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS, ISLAMABAD HOSTED BY: ENGR. MUHAMMAD SARFRAZ ALAM

8. FM BROADCAST BAND 88 – 108 MHZ No. of channels: 200 Band width of a FM Station: 200 KHZ Frequency Deviation: + 75 KHZ Total Swing: 150 KHZ Safe Band: +25 KHZ

9. STANDARD FIELD STRENGTH REQUIRED FOR BIG CITIES 72 db u 1210 uv/m URBAN CENTRES60 db u 1000 uv/m RURAL AREAS34 db u 50 uv/m

10. If sound mixer has one output channel,even if there are many inputs the result will be mono sound. With mono technique, only depth in sound can be created But we don’t know which source is on the left or right of microphone. So mono technique creates 1d sound.

11. To create Directions to sound sources we must have : TWQ channels to carry the sound Two outputs in a sound mixer Two channels in all THE SOUND equipment. It creates two dimensional sound. It produces a SOUND PANAROMA between loudspeakers.

12. 3d sound can be produced with the technique of DUMMY HEAD STEREO. It works only on head phone. It is not compatible to loud speakers.

13. FM STATIONS IN RAWALPINDI/ ISLAMABAD FREQUENCY (MHZ) STATIONTIMINGS 89.00Private24 hours 90.60IIUI1500 – 1600 91.00Radio One24 hours 91.60AIOU1100-1300 1530-1730 93.00PBC24 hours. 95.00PBC NewsFrequent 96.00PrivateTesting 96.60FJWU1200 – 1500 97.00Sunrise24 hours

14. FREQUENCY (MHZ) STATIONTIMINGS 98.00PBC Rwp.24 hours 99.00Power FM24 hours 100.00Private24 hours. 101.00PBC Ibd.24 hours 102.00Private 103.000PBC24 hours 104.60NUML0830 – 1100 1300-1600 105.20Rawalakot24 hours. 106.20HUM24 hours

24. Examples T x 10kw10dBk N80%-1dB attenuation 4 Bay Antena from table 10.2 P8kw6.1dB A.G.4 Bay4.1 power gain erp32kw200ft high erp = 10-1+6 = 15dB SFS-erp = 60-15 = 45dB 20 mile SFS-erp = 34-15 = 19dB

25. T x 2kw2.5dB n80%-1dB feeder line attenuation AG 4 Bay 4 6.1dB, 200 ft high Erp = 2.5-1+6.1 = 1.5+6.1 = 7.6 dB SFS-erp = 34-7.6 = 26.4 dB, coverage 50 mile SFS-erp = 60-7.6 = 52.4 dB 15 mils

26. T x 1kw0dB T/2 n 80%-1dB AG 4 Bay6.1 dB erp = 0-1+6.1 = 5.1 dB SFS – erp = 34-5.1 = 28.9 dB45 mile 60-5.1 = 54.9 dB12mile

27. Establishment of FM Radio Stations Site/Building: The FM Radio Station may be established in a building having an area of about one to two Kanal. Following accommodation is required:- 1.Room size:16’x20’ for the studio 2.Room size:12’x14’ for transmitter and allied equipment. 3.Room size:12’x14’ for computer/server and audio library 4.Room size:12’x14’ for sales office 5.Room size:12’x12’ administration/accounts office 6.Room size:16’x20’ for programme staff. Open plot of 12’x12’ is required for the erection of 150’ high self supporting mast.

28. Equipment:  1 KW FM Transmitter along with antenna, transmission line (100 meter in length). EtcRs.1.000 million  150 feet high self supporting mast:Rs.1.000 million  Studio equipment comprising Microphone (4 Nos.)Rs.0.600 million Digital Audio Console, CD/DVD Players (2 Nos) Dual Cassette Deck )2 Nos) Mini Disc Recorder (one for OB) Audio Rack, Monitor amplifier, Loud Speakers (4 Nos).  Computer, server, Ups 5 KVA, softwares,Rs.0.250 million Time Delay Machine:  Studio Telephone Hybrid, Auto Telephone,Rs.0.100 million Voltage Stabilizer (8 KVA)  Split Type Air Conditioner (6x1.5 Ton)Rs.0.180 million  Diesel Generator 20KVARs.0.500 million  Installation material for acoustic tr5eatmentRs.0.350 million of studios, wires, cables and copper sheets.  Office and studio furniture and furnishing.Rs.0.150 million  Power supply connection charges:Rs.0.050 million  Installation Engineers fee and albour charges,Rs.0.150 million Transportation of equipment charges etc. Suzuki van with POL etc.Rs.0.600 million Total Rs.4.930 million

29. Requirements for Computerized Studio-Make Slide

30. Thanks