2. MICHELE GILMORE JEAN HARKEN ERIN LUDWICK FERRIS STATE UNIVERSITY Dorothea Orem: Self-care deficit theory

3. Person “The recipient of nursing care, including patient, family and community”  A unity that can function biologically, symbolically and socially  The patient will do as much for themselves as possible. “The model focuses on the patient’s self-care capacities and the nursing actions to meet the patient’s self-care needs”

4. Environment “The client’s surroundings which may affect ability perform self-care”  The resources that the patient does or does not have at their disposal to assist in their self-care.  This can positively or negatively affect a persons’ ability to provide self care

5. Health “A state of physical, mental and social well being” - Orem Orem describes health as not merely the absence of disease of infirmity Orem later expanded her definition of health to include preventative health care Orem believes in holistic care that both the nurse and patient plan together for the patient and is based on prevention and health maintenance

6. Nursing “Interventions or rendering care to support or in cooperation with the client” Goal of nursing – to render the patient or members of his family capable of meeting the patient’s self care needs To stabilize, control, or minimize the effects of chronic poor health or disability After the nurses’ assessment of the patients ability to care for self, the nurse confirms with the patient what their needs will be and begins to formulate a plan of care Nursing actions are aimed towards making the client independent

7. Contemporary Healthcare Environment  One factor for holistic nursing care is “focusing on assisting people in maintaining health, avoiding or minimizing disease and disability and restoring wellness.”  Contemporary nursing has changed globally with the internet and social media. Patients now have the ability to gain care and knowledge to help educate and treat themselves through the internet  Regionally nursing has changed by the advancement of education and the technology that is present. Many areas have life like manikins and advanced technology that not only teach nurses how to be effective in their jobs, but are also utilized in educating patient to care for themselves  Locally nursing has become temporary with the advancement of community based nursing and structuring the nursing needs to the community that is lived and worked in

8. Orem’s self-care theory and evidence based practice The theories that Dorothea Orem originally came up with are still used in many nursing curriculums today. Numerous research studies have been conducted based on Orem’s theory and research has been performed on the concepts of the theory as well. (Bernier, 2002) Dorothea Orem wanted to explore the nursing practice, organize knowledge of nursing and direct this knowledge where it was needed to assist a patient with their self-care deficit. Nursing practice assists to get a person back to a state of health so that they are able to care for themselves, by using evidence based practices.

9. References Black, B. P. (2014). Nursing theory: the basis for professional nursing. In Professional nursing concepts & challenges (7th ed. (pp. 240-266). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. Dorothea Orem: Self Care Deficit Nursing Theory. (2014). Retrieved from http://nursingtheories.info/dorothea-orem self-care-deficit- nursing-theory/ Metaparadigm in Nursing. (2014). Retrieved from http://nursingtheories.info/metaparadigm-in-nursing/ Nursing Theories (2012, February 4). Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory. Retrieved from http://www.currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html Nursing Theories. (2014). Dorothea Orem: Self-care deficit nursing theory. Retrieved from http://nursingtheories.info/dorothea-orem-self-care-deficit-nursing-theory/ Sonata, R. M. (2010, July 11). Four Concepts - Nursing’s Metaparadigm [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://juneyou-doroteaoremstheoryofselfcare.blogspot.com/2010/07/four-concepts-nursings- metaparadigm.html

10. References Bernier, F. (2002, December 1st). Applying Orem’s self-care deficit theory of nursing to continence care. Urologic Nursing. Retrieved from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-95777381.html Bieda, S., Centopanti, J., & Callaghan, N. (). Theory evaluation: Orem. Retrieved from http://grandtheoryroyandorem.weebly.com/theory-evaluation-orem.html Nursing Theories (2012, February 4). Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory.. Retrieved from http://www.currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html Researchomatic, ( 2012, 11).Dorothea Orem Nursing Theory. Retrieved 11, 2012, from http://www.researchomatic.com/Dorothea-Orem-Nursing-Theory- 98215.html