1. Food Science ABC Lesson 5 Functions of Ingredients: Food Science & Alternatives

2. Quotes “Some people like to paint pictures, or do gardening, or build a boat in the basement. Other people get a tremendous pleasure out of the kitchen, because cooking is just as creative and imaginative an activity as drawing, or wood carving, or music.” – Julia Child

3. Food Rules #3 – Avoid food products containing ingredients that no ordinary human would keep in the pantry. #33 – Eat some foods that have been predigested by bacteria or fungi. #39 – Eat all the junk food you want as long as you cook it yourself.

4. Food Science Food Science can be defined as the application of the principles of science, engineering and mathematics in order to study and acquire new knowledge on the physical, chemical and biochemical nature of foods. Food science is a broad field that is composed of specializations in food microbiology, food chemistry and food engineering. Food science also involves the study of sensory properties of food, and therefore, the psychology of food choice. From the information gathered by food science, the corresponding technologies can be applied to the utilization, processing, preservation and storage of food. This is known as food technology.

7. Food Preservation Thermal Low Temperature Dehydration Biotechnology Irradiation

12. Food Additives Colouring Preservatives Antioxidants and Acidity Regulators Thickeners Stabilizers Emulsifiers pH Regulators Anti-Caking Agents Flavour Enhancers Sweeteners

13. Taste Makers Who is creating the flavour of food? Why? Do consumers care how their food is flavoured? Should they?

14. Baking Soda vs. Baking Powder They both create gas, which makes baked goods rise. Each contains sodium bicarbonate, an alkaline chemical that gives off carbon dioxide when mixed with an acid. Baking soda consists purely of sodium bicarbonate, so recipes using it must include an acidic ingredient like lemon juice, buttermilk, or brown sugar (the molasses in brown sugar is acidic) to activate it. Baking powder contains some baking soda, cornstarch to keep it from clumping, and one or more acidic salts, which act as the activating/neutralizing agents for the bicarbonate. The two leavening agents work at different speeds. Baking soda produces gas immediately upon contact with liquid acid. Remember when you were a kid and you’d mix it with Coke to get a crazy foaming effect? So your dough or batter begins rising the minute you mix in the soda. Baking powder, on the other hand, creates a little gas when you first mix it in (that’s the baking soda working), and then more when the acidic salts have had a chance to fully dissolve, and yet a little more when your product is put in the oven.

16. Molecular Gastronomy Molecular gastronomy or molecular cuisine is the science of cooking but it is commonly used to describe a new style of cuisine in which chefs explore new culinary possibilities in the kitchen by embracing sensory and food science, borrowing tools from the science lab and ingredients from the food industry and concocting surprise after surprise for their diners. Formally, the term molecular gastronomy refers to the scientific discipline that studies the physical and chemical processes that occur while cooking. Molecular gastronomy seeks to investigate and explain the chemical reasons behind the transformation of ingredients, as well as the social, artistic and technical components of culinary and gastronomic phenomena in general. The term Molecular Gastronomy was born in 1992.

17. Definitions of Molecular Gastronomy The application of scientific principles to the understanding and improvement of domestic and gastronomic food preparation. (Peter Barham) The art and science of choosing, preparing and eating good food. (Thorvald Pedersen) The scientific study of deliciousness. (Harold McGee) Combining the 'know how' of cooks with the 'know why' of scientists

19. Ingredients E322 LecithinE327 Calcium lactate E331 Sodium citratesE400 Alginic acid E401 Sodium alginateE402 Potassium alginate E403 Ammonium alginateE404 Calcium alginate E406 AgarE407 Carrageenan E407a Eucheuma seaweedE410 Locust bean gum (Carob gum) E412 Guar gumE413 Tragacanth E414 Acacia gumE415 Xanthan gum E416 Karaya gumE417 Tara gum E418 Gellan gumE422 Glycerol E425 KonjacE440 Pectins E441 GelatineE461 Methyl cellulose E463 Hydroxypropyl celluloseE464 Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose E466 Carboxymethyl celluloseE473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids E474 SucroglyceridesE621 Monosodium glutamate E631 Disodium inosinateE636 Maltol E953 IsomaltE1103 Invertase E1400 DextrinTransglutaminase (no E-number)

26. Restaurants French Laundry Alinea The Fat Duck elBulli Noma

27. Pesticides / Herbicides Some of the chemicals used in farming may remain on or in the food we eat. These may cause us harm. Farmers spray pesticides on crops to kill the insects that may reduce crop yield. They also spray herbicides to kill weeds that may compete with the crops. Some of these chemicals may remain on the surface of, for example, fruit. Others may be absorbed by the plant and therefore be present in the crop.

28. Environmental Concerns Other agricultural practices can impact the climate. Synthetic pesticides and fertilizers are widely used in agriculture, and are often made from fossil fuels. Manufacturing and transporting these chemicals uses significant quantities of energy and produces greenhouse gases. Not surprisingly, studies have shown that chemical farming uses considerably more energy per unit of production than organic farms, which do not use these chemical inputs. In addition, the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in soils produces nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas that is approximately 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere. - David Suzuki

29. Genetically Modified Food Transgenic Crops Labeling Discourse What is the Intended Function of GM Food? Main 4: Corn Soybean Cotton Canola

31. Function of Transgenic Crops

34. Pros 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

35. Cons 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.