1. OLYMPIADS + BRUTAL BRUCE Group 6

2. THE PROTON In 1812 Eugene Goldstein noticed during an experiment there were hydrogen nuclei. Those were also known as protons, or even the hydrogen in when separated from it’s electron. The proton has a positive charge. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

3. PROTONS What are their properties? Protons are much larger and heavier than electrons A proton is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one positive fundamental unit It is about 1836 times the mass of an electron quark structure of the proton Protons are found in the nucleus of atoms The number of protons in the nucleus determines the chemical properties of the atom Protons are observed to be stable and their theoretical minimum half-life is 1×10 36 year

4. THE NEUTRON The Neutron is the neutral part of the atom Discovered by Walther Bothe, Irène Joliot-Curie, Frédéric Joliot, and James Chadwick in the early 1930’s The neutron has to do with the strong force which holds the atom together (gravity is too weak at this level to hold the nucleus together), but when an atom is too large the atoms fall apart (this releases radiation). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

5. NEUTRONS What are their properties? Neutrons are subatomic particles with no net electric charge They are also found in the nucleus of an atom Quark structure of the neutron Neutrons consist of two down quarks and one up quark The number of neutrons determines the isotope of an element

6. An electron is the negatively charged part of the atom Discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897 Discovered with the use of cathode ray tube Used in many applications such as: radiation therapy, welding, electron microscopes, etc…. THE ELECTRON http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons

7. ELECTRONS What are their properties? An electron is a fundamental subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge An electron’s mass is approximately 1 / 1836 of the proton Together with the atomic nuclei (protons and neutrons), electrons make up atoms Electrons can also act as waves Electron mean lifetime is >4.6x10^26 years Electrons are found outside the nucleus of an atom

8. Nuclear and Hyphen notation

9. Hyphen Notation Hyphen notation is the written name of the element plus its mass number.

10. Examples Hydrogen-1 Helium-3 Uranium - 235

11. Nuclear Notation Uses the first letter of the element plus it’s mass number and atomic number

12. Examples atomic number 1 H 3 Mass number

13. Why does it matter? Nuclear and hyphen notation allow us to express different forms of the same isotope For example, there are more than one hydrogen so simply writing “hydrogen “ does not mean one specific isotope So by using hyphen notation, we are able to express a single isotope of hydrogen by showing it’s mass number or using nuclear notation to show hydrogen’s mass number AND atomic number

14. For more information http://teachers.popejohn.org/Mrs_Olsen/Ch3 Atom/Ch.3-Atom%2005.ppt http://teachers.popejohn.org/Mrs_Olsen/Ch3 Atom/Ch.3-Atom%2005.ppt

15. Elemental Identities! Q: What gives an element its identity? A: The atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus) provides a unique identity for elements because each element contains a different number of protons. Example: Atomic # is 6….. It must be Carbon!!!!

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