1. SOCIAL PROTECTION CASE STUDY- ZAMBIA BONNY NKOLE SENIOR SOCIAL WELFARE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL SERVICES Investing in Social Protection in Africa 9 – 11 June 2008SENEGAL

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE  Demographic features  Development of Social Protection Strategy  Social Protection Programmes under MCDSS  Findings from Programs  Descriptions of Pilots  Universal Age-based Targeting  Pilots and lessons learnt  Impact of Social Cash Transfers  Beneficiaries’ testimonies  Challenges  Opportunities  Way forward

3. DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES Population is 11 Million Population is 11 Million Poverty at 68 % Poverty at 68 % HIV/AIDS at 14.3.% HIV/AIDS at 14.3.% Economic growth at 5% in last 4 years Economic growth at 5% in last 4 years No significant dent on poverty No significant dent on poverty

4. Development of SP Strategy Before introduction of social protection strategy Coverage- very poor, patchy and insufficient. Coverage- very poor, patchy and insufficient.  Untimely interventions.  Poor coordination. Developed PRSP in 2002  PRSP focused on poverty reduction based on economic development.  In 2005 SP strategy was drafted  The FNDP was produced with chapter on social protection which was based on the SP strategy.

5. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SP STRATEGY CONT’D The SPS provides a common framework and shared vision for a set of programmes – expansion, coordination,monitoring, reporting and financing The SPS provides a common framework and shared vision for a set of programmes – expansion, coordination,monitoring, reporting and financing The SPS is the basis of the current cash transfer pilots and seeks best practice for a possible national cash transfer programme The SPS is the basis of the current cash transfer pilots and seeks best practice for a possible national cash transfer programme

6. SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMMES Incapacitated households Incapacitated households –Public Welfare Assistance Scheme (PWAS)- inkind transfers –Social Cash Transfer Scheme- cash transfers to destitute and incapacitated households Low capacity Households Low capacity Households –Food Security Pack- provision of inputs to vulnerable but viable farmers –Micro credit to women by Micro Bankers Trust –Microfinance credit to vulnerable people with disabilities by NTD –Village Banking targeting women infected or affected by HIV/AIDS –Peri-Urban Self Help (PUSH)- public works programmes Orphans and Vulnerable Children Orphans and Vulnerable Children –Street Children Programmes –Free basic education for all children –School feeding program

7. FINDINGS FROM PROGRAMMES Programs proven effective especially cash transfer scheme. Programs proven effective especially cash transfer scheme. Programs under funded. Programs under funded. Coordination of the various interventions improved. Coordination of the various interventions improved. Street Children Programme met it’s target by having 63 % children in skills training institutions graduating Street Children Programme met it’s target by having 63 % children in skills training institutions graduating Most categories of the targeted vulnerable covered. Most categories of the targeted vulnerable covered.

8. Description of Pilots Piloted in 5 districts each with a learning agenda. Piloted in 5 districts each with a learning agenda. Targets 10% of the most destitute and incapacitated in target communities except in one district with universal age-based targeting. Targets 10% of the most destitute and incapacitated in target communities except in one district with universal age-based targeting. Targeting is community based. Targeting is community based. Focus is on extreme poverty and incapacitation. Focus is on extreme poverty and incapacitation. The scheme pays out ZMK 40,000 (US$ 10) plus ZMK 10,000 (US$ 2.5) for HH with children per month in three pilot districts. The scheme pays out ZMK 40,000 (US$ 10) plus ZMK 10,000 (US$ 2.5) for HH with children per month in three pilot districts. In one other pilot the scheme pays ZMK 10,000 for HH with school going child (Primary) and ZMK 20,000 (secondary). In one other pilot the scheme pays ZMK 10,000 for HH with school going child (Primary) and ZMK 20,000 (secondary). Transfers paid bimonthly through pay points. Transfers paid bimonthly through pay points.

9. Universal Age -Based Launched in July 2007 Launched in July 2007 Targets persons with 60 and above years Targets persons with 60 and above years Caseload stands at 4706 Caseload stands at 4706 Pays ZMK 60,000 (US$15) per month per person. Pays ZMK 60,000 (US$15) per month per person. Transfers paid bi- monthly through pay points. Transfers paid bi- monthly through pay points.

10. Pilots and lessons learnt DISTRICT NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD S LEARNING AGENDA LESSSONS LEARNT Kalomo3515 Implementation level capacity Implementation level capacity Up scaling needs Up scaling needs Combination of the regular PWAS with cash transfers in Kalomo Combination of the regular PWAS with cash transfers in Kalomo Community structures need econ. Incentives Community structures need econ. Incentives Monze2548 Soft conditionality on education and health Not yet Chipata1167 Urban transfers – Urban transfers – Transfer value (child bonus) Transfer value (child bonus) Community Targeting difficult due to manipulation Community Targeting difficult due to manipulation Increases retention Increases retention Kazungula554 Implementation in a vast, sparsely populated area Implementation in a vast, sparsely populated area difficult to access district difficult to access district Admin cost high Admin cost high Katete4706 Individual s Universal based targeting Universal based targeting Pensions for the old Pensions for the old Quick to roll out Low Admin costs

11. Impact of Cash Transfers Education: enrollment rate went up by 3%. Education: enrollment rate went up by 3%. Nutrition: % of HH not satiated after one meal went down from 56.6% to 35.2% and food intake is more varied Nutrition: % of HH not satiated after one meal went down from 56.6% to 35.2% and food intake is more varied Health: incidence of illnesses decreased from 43% to 35%. Health: incidence of illnesses decreased from 43% to 35%. Livelihood: number of HH making investments increased to 50% and average amount invested doubled. 71% of all HH stated to have invested part of the cash transfer. Asset ownership increased from 8.5% to 42% Livelihood: number of HH making investments increased to 50% and average amount invested doubled. 71% of all HH stated to have invested part of the cash transfer. Asset ownership increased from 8.5% to 42% In the Community: incidence and frequency of begging reduced In the Community: incidence and frequency of begging reduced

12. Beneficiaries’ Testimonies –“Without the social cash transfer scheme I would be dead and buried. The scheme has become my husband. I can only beg government to continue for the likes of us ” the words of Mrs. Felistus Hamalambo an aged widow looking after 5 orphan grandchildren. –“ I am now able to eat three meals a day and have managed to buy 6 chickens and a goat” the words of Mrs. Gertrude Simasiku a sickly widow looking after 5 children.

13. CHALLENGES Affordability and Insufficient funding to the social protection sector. Affordability and Insufficient funding to the social protection sector. Competing priorities Competing priorities Insufficient awareness and understanding of social protection amongst stakeholders Insufficient awareness and understanding of social protection amongst stakeholders Limited capacity for implementation of programmes Limited capacity for implementation of programmes Increasing poverty levels Increasing poverty levels

14. OPPORTUNITIES Increasing evidence being generated on the effectiveness of the Cash Transfers is having positive impacts and has led to government funding for the scheme Increasing evidence being generated on the effectiveness of the Cash Transfers is having positive impacts and has led to government funding for the scheme Political will for investment in social protection building ( ie development of the SP strategy, government is playing a leading role in implementing SP programmes through MCDSS). Political will for investment in social protection building ( ie development of the SP strategy, government is playing a leading role in implementing SP programmes through MCDSS). Engage political leadership more Engage political leadership more Draft constitution has made provisions for an old age pension and social economic rights Draft constitution has made provisions for an old age pension and social economic rights Capacity building programmes and studies are being carried. Capacity building programmes and studies are being carried. Civil society is playing a vital role in advocating for increased social protection coverage. Civil society is playing a vital role in advocating for increased social protection coverage.

15. Opportunities cont’d The pilot schemes if scaled up to national level could cost government approximately 0.36% of nominal GDP and only 1.3% of the annual GRZ budget. The pilot schemes if scaled up to national level could cost government approximately 0.36% of nominal GDP and only 1.3% of the annual GRZ budget. Experiences from countries like Lesotho who fund a national social cash transfer scheme show that it is possible to fund adequately social protection programmes with (out) limited donor support Experiences from countries like Lesotho who fund a national social cash transfer scheme show that it is possible to fund adequately social protection programmes with (out) limited donor support

16. Way Forward Workshop for Members of Parliament Workshop for Members of Parliament Finish Review by July- before national budget Finish Review by July- before national budget Government makes a final decision - whether to scale up or not. Government makes a final decision - whether to scale up or not. Come up with a Social Protection Policy- long term Come up with a Social Protection Policy- long term Legislate Social Protection Programmes- long term Legislate Social Protection Programmes- long term