1. Architectural Housing Design & History
Interior Design
Chapter 5

2. Why is it important to study the history of architectural design when discussing interior design, architecture, and other similar topics?
What do YOU Think?

3. Let’s take a look at some historical housing…
Architectural designs have changes as peoples’ needs have changed (chapter 1 notes) and as technological advances have come about.
Central heating and cooling systems
Building materials can be transported to almost any location
Let’s take a look at some historical housing…
and how it has influenced housing today!
Designs have become more complex and involved.

4. Native American Homes Similarities: Simple structures Dirt floors
No windows
No chimneys
Little furniture
Weapons, tools, other possessions stored on shelves or hung from walls
Native American Homes

5. Native American Homes Wigwam Tepee Rounded wood frames
covered with reed mats
Tepee
Cone-shaped tent covered
with buffalo hides
Easy to move
Native American Homes

6. Native American Homes Longhouse Pueblos Trees bent to form a
rectangular frame;
covered with strips of
overlapping bark
Pueblos
Houses built on top
of each other into
cliffs, caves, and
level ground
Native American Homes

7. The Early American Period
1640—1720
Let’s jump ahead and take a look at how things have advanced. We’re still pretty far back in history, but consider how things changed from the days of Native Americans to when colonists settled in America.
Also keep in mind how housing designs from the past have changed, or have been carried into today’s architecture and design.

8. How many of you have been in or live in an older neighborhood?
What do the houses look like?
Are they all the same? Different?
What characteristics do you like/dislike about them?

9. English Settlements First two successful colonies
Jamestown, Virginia 1607
Plymouth, Massachusetts 1620
First permanent dwellings
Half-timbered house
Thatch roofs
Covered with shingles or clapboards
Chimney for fireplace(s)
Half-timbered house—the wood frame of the house formed part of the outside wall. Spaces between beams were filled with brick or plaster.
Thatch—bundles of reeds or straw.
Shingles—thin, oblong pieces of material (wood) laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof and sides of a structure.
Clapboards—boards with one edge thicker than the other laid in overlapping rows to protect the walls from the elements.
English Settlements

10. English Style Homes

11. English Settlements Cape Cod House Saltbox House Garrison House
Simple rectangle design
Central chimney
Pitched (Gabled) roof
Saltbox House
Two-story
Pitched roof
Garrison House
Second story overhangs
or projects from the first
story (protection from
attackers)
Pitched roof—two-sided roof with a steep angle. Often called a gable roof because it forms triangular end walls, known as gables, on the house.
English Settlements

12. English Style Homes

13. English Style Homes

14. German & Dutch Settlements
Late 17th Century
German
Large, durable
Wood and stone
Enter into 1st floor kitchen
Fireplace in center of 1st floor
Family room opposite of fireplace
Small bedrooms behind family room
Dutch
Stone and brick
Some were 4-5 stories high
Decorative brickwork
Intricate stepped gables
Gambrel roof design
Dormers
Dutch door
Gambrel roof—two slopes on each side, the upper slop being flatter (smaller) than the lower slope. Allows interior space for full-sized upstairs rooms.
Dormers—structures projecting through a steeply sloping roof. Allows more light to come in.
Dutch door—a door divided in half horizontally. Allows top half to stand open while the bottom stays closed.
German & Dutch Settlements

15. German & Dutch Style Homes

16. Swedish Settlements Log cabin
“looked upon as a truly American building style”
Logs were joined with notched corners
Joints filled with clay, bark, or moss
Length of a single log
One room
Sometimes 2 rooms with an attic above
Bark or thatch roof
Shingles used later
Swedish Settlements

17. Swedish Style Homes

18. Spanish Settlements Early 1500s Florida and Southwest 17th Century
Thick adobe walls
Flat roofs
Rough-hewn beams
projecting through
outside walls
Deep-set windows
17th Century
Outside of these houses covered with adobe, brick or stucco
Rounded archways and windows
Red tile roofs
Porches and balconies around the outside
Some homes had inner courtyards
Adobe—bricks made from sun-dried clay
Stucco—plaster material made with cement, sand, and lime
Spanish Settlements

19. Spanish Style Homes

20. French Settlements Stone and wood High, steep roofs
Small windows with heavy wooden shutters
Protect against cold weather
Covered porch around the house
Helped keep house cool; protect against rain
Raised houses
Often 1 full story above ground
Improve air circulation; protect from floods
Often painted white
Rooms had many doors and windows
Air flow
Later
Galleries or roof balconies
were added
Posts were made of wood
or iron
French Settlements

21. French Style Homes

22. Recap… Why review architectural history?
What can we learn from it?
How does it relate to interior design?
Should the interior match the exterior?
Recap…

23. Now its your turn!! You may either work…
Individually
With a partner (will require double the work— individual x 2)
Choose a Historical Housing Design to Research (partners choose 2)
See Assignment Sheet for More Details
Tomorrow  Meet in Computer Lab
Now its your turn!!