1. HW # 23- Cornell notes- due Tuesday from the book CH 14, section 1 p. 552-561 from the end of this power point Warm up Review your levers packet. Week 6, Day Three

2. Warm up Response See

3. Homework Response/Check Share two things that you learned from yesterday’s lab activity

4. Quiz Bill Nye Read/Do Blood Bean Demo

5. Cornell Notes The Body’s Transport System

6. Circulatory System Consists of… Blood Vessels Blood Heart

7. 7 Circulatory System -Carries needed substances to cells -Carries waste products away -Blood has cells that fight disease

8. Circulatory System BLOOD VESSELS

9. Two Pathways Pulmonary Circulation – Carries blood to lungs and back Systemic Circulation – Carries blood to body and back

10. Capillaries of head and arms Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs Inferior vena cava Pulmonary vein Capillaries of right lung Superior vena cava Aorta Pulmonary artery Capillaries of left lung

12. Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation 3 types of vessels – Arteries – Capillaries – Veins

13. Arteries: carries blood Away from heart – Large – Thick-walled, Muscular – Elastic – Oxygenated blood Exception Pulmonary Artery – Carried under great pressure – Steady pulsating Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue

15. Capillaries – Smallest vessel – Microscopic – Walls one cell thick – Nutrients and gases diffuse here

16. Veins: Carries blood to heart – Carries blood that contains waste and CO 2 Exception pulmonary vein – Blood not under much pressure – Valves to prevent much gravity pull Venules: larger than capillaries

17. Varicose Veins Damaged Valves in Veins

18. 18 Contractions of the heart = blood pressure Valves in the heart prevent backflow of blood

19. Structure of Heart Four chambers – Two upper (Atria) Walls thinner Less muscular – Two lower (Ventricles) Walls thicker More muscular Do more work

20. Circulatory System BLOOD BLOOD

21. What is Blood? Blood Simulation Blood Simulation

22. The Blood Body contains 4-6 L Body contains 4-6 L Consists of Consists of – Water – Red Blood Cells – Plasma – White blood cells and platelets

23. Whole Blood Sample Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma Sample Placed in CentrifugeBlood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

24. Whole Blood Sample Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma Sample Placed in CentrifugeBlood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

25. Whole Blood Sample Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma Sample Placed in CentrifugeBlood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

26. Parts of the Blood

27. Oxygen in the Blood Hemoglobin, iron containing molecule Hemoglobin, iron containing molecule Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungs Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungs Loses oxygen in areas low in oxygen (diffuses) Loses oxygen in areas low in oxygen (diffuses)

28. Carbon Dioxide in the Blood Hemoglobin carries CO 2 also Hemoglobin carries CO 2 also CO 2 is a waste product of cellular work CO 2 is a waste product of cellular work 70% of CO 2 combines with water 70% of CO 2 combines with water The rest travels to the lungs The rest travels to the lungs

29. What does blood contain? 50% Water 50% Water 45% Erythrocytes 45% Erythrocytes 4% Plasma with Substances 4% Plasma with Substances 1% Leukocytes + Platelets 1% Leukocytes + Platelets

30. Erythrocytes (RBC) (optional info) Transporters of Transporters of – Oxygen – Carbon Dioxide RBC RBC – Lack a nucleus – Contain hemoglobin – Disk-shaped RBC are produced in red bone marrow of RBC are produced in red bone marrow of – ribs, – humerus, – femur, – sternum, and other long bones Lives for 120 days Lives for 120 days Old RBC are destroyed in liver and spleen Old RBC are destroyed in liver and spleen

31. Leukocytes (WBC) (optional info) WBC fight infection WBC fight infection – Attack foreign substances Less abundant Less abundant Large cells Large cells Some live for months Some live for months – Most just a few days Several types Several types ALL contain nuclei ALL contain nuclei

32. Platelets PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood Cell fragments Cell fragments Produced in bone marrow Produced in bone marrow Short life span (1 week) Short life span (1 week) Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers) Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers) – Form a web trapping blood cells

33. Blood Clotting Break in Capillary Wall Blood vessels injured. Clumping of Platelets Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin.. Clot Forms Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

34. Elaboration Blood Typing: To Clump or Not to Clump? Blood Typing: To Clump or Not to Clump?

35. Blood Types Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Four Types Four Types –A–A–A–A –B–B–B–B – AB –O–O–O–O Inherited from your parents Inherited from your parents

36. Blood Types

37. What happens when you mix blood types? Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING Type O is the universal donor Type O is the universal donor Type AB is the universal acceptor Type AB is the universal acceptor

38. What Makes Our Blood Type?

39. Blood Type of Donor A B AB O Blood Type of Recipient A B AB O Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion Blood Transfusions

40. Rh Factor Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited – Rh + (have antigen) – Rh - (NO antigen) Can cause complications in pregnancies Can cause complications in pregnancies – mother Rh - 1 st baby Rh + : blood mixes with mother; mother’s body makes anti-Rh + antibodies – 2 nd Rh + body attacks baby – Now have medicine to prevent antibody formation

41. Bloods Path Through the Heart Both Atria fill at same time – Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body from vena cava – Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary veins After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventricle

42. Both ventricles contract Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs, against gravity, through pulmonary arteries

43. Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood out of heart through aorta (largest vessel) Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)

44. Control of the Heart (Nervous System) (optional information) Medulla oblongata regulates rate Sensory cells stretch when too fast Pressure drops when beat is too low

45. Heartbeat Regulation Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries (pulse) Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of right atrium Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to contract Triggers 2 nd set of cells (AV Node)-base of the right atrium to send message to ventricles, they contract EkG – record of electrical changes in the heart

46. Your Blood: Fluid Transport (optional information) a Tissue a Tissue 50% water 50% water 4% dissolved substances 4% dissolved substances Liquid Portion Carries  Blood cells –Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood cells) –Leucocytes (WBC - white blood cells)  Platelets (non cellular particles)  Proteins –Enzymes –Hormones – Endocrine System  Nutrients - Digestive System  Gases - Respiratory System  Inorganic salts