1. TRAVELLING COMPANIONS AND VIETNAM 7.5 | REACTION TO THE U2, JAMES BOND STUFF, AND VIETNAM

2. THE THAW ENDS Khrushchev was [understandably] upset about the U2 Frustrated with the US arming adjacent nations with nuclear arms i.e. Turkey Both the Americans and Soviets [better] develop fusion bombs Fission vs. Fusion = c.1000 X more powerful Khrushchev would like to see these within range of US as well

3. THE CIA AND THE KGB CIA 1947 AND KGB 1954 COVERT OPERATIONS TO UNDERMINE ENEMIES COUPS, ASSASSINATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE

4. CIA OPERATIONS 1953 – Iran – Mossadegh (GB) 1954 – Guatemala 1958 – Indonesia (mixed results) 1961 – Cuba Communists (Fidel Castro)

5. THE BAY OF PIGS APRIL 1961 – CIA ORCHESTRATES AN INVASION OF CUBA WITH PRO-US FORCES – FAILURE

6. CUBA TURNS TO KHRUSHCHEV USSR pledges support Begins moving in nuclear weapons to target US – like Turkey U2 planes capture movements Kennedy tells Khrushchev to stand down, declined – nuclear brink US blockades Cuba Oct 1962 – Soviets turn back

7. THE PRISONERS DILEMMA COLD WAR POLITICS USA AND USSR WILL GO TOE TO TOE TO THE POINT OF NUCLEAR WAR

8. THE WALL GOES UP FEAR OF NSC-68 AND ISSUES WITH BERLIN LEAD TO THE ERECTION OF THE WALL IN AUGUST 1961

9. MILITARY BUILD UP Post economies become increasingly geared to war US supports Israel (on and off war with Arabs) Six-Day War – 1967 US arms Israel – Soviets arm Arabs Arabs, Allah, and the MIG-21 Gives US a new edge [it was lagging]

11. THE SPACE RACE EARTHLY COMPETITION IS NOT ENOUGH

12. SPACE RACE OUTLINE 1957 – Sputnik I successfully orbits Earth the travelling companion 1957 – USSR successfully puts a dog in orbit Sputnik II 1958 – Explorer I is launched 1961 – Yuri Gagarin success orbits Earth and returns 1962 – John Glenn orbits Earth Various space ventures (multi-man orbits, space walks, etc.) 1965 – Dark side of the Moon photographed 1967 – Tortoises circumnavigate the Moon 1969 – Apollo landings on the Moon (11)

13. VIETNAM REAL FAST – US HISTORY WILL COVER THIS C.1955-1975

14. BLAME IT ON THE FRENCH French evacuation in the late 1950s (Indochina) Communism popular in the north NSC-68 Gulf of Tonkin Incident – intervention Years later, tens of thousands dead, country socially deteriorating… We give up and leave Communism takes over Our policy failed (socially) – Soviet social deterioration