1. Bellringer Why was slavery important to the Southern States?
Slaves provided cheap labor for the Agriculturally based Southern plantations
Why did Thomas Jefferson struggle with the Louisiana Purchase?
The constitution did not say he could buy land He was a strict constructionist
What was the first form of American Government? What is today’s Government?
Articles of Confederation
Constitution

2. Antebellum: Slavery conflicts in Society

3. Review
When the Constitutional Convention met, they had to make many compromises as states gave up power to the Federal Government. Two main compromises dealt with slavery:
-3/5th Compromise- 3 of every 5 slaves would count for representation and taxes
-Commerce Compromise- Congress can not limit the slave trade for 20 years.

4. Why have Slavery?
Slavery was vital to the growth of the American South. The large plantations needed a steady supply of cheap labor to be profitable. Plus, by keeping slaves healthy enough, they would reproduce and create a larger work force.
In 1808, Congress banned all further importation of slaves. However, the population rose drastically due to reproduction:
million
million
By 1860 slaves in South Carolina and Mississippi made up more than half the population.

5. Cotton Gin
While the North focused on industry, the South remained agricultural. Its wealth was in land and slaves, and the economy was dependent on cotton grown by slaves. Few immigrants settled in the south, so the population slowly grew.
Cotton as a cash crop took off in 1793 after Eli Whitney’s Cotton gin, which helped slaves process cotton

6. Slavery Conditions
Conditions varied for the slaves. Some lived on small farms and worked with their owners. Most, however, lived on the large plantations, and were subject to cruelty and violence. Nearly 60 percent of the slaves worked on Cotton farms.
Men were general field laborers, women had a variety of jobs. Most worked the fields, cleaned homes, bore children and cleaned their own homes.

7. Slaves are property
Most farmers saw slaves as property used for labor. The initial investment was very expensive. In 1832 a prime worker cost $500, but 1837 that cost was $1300. However, a slave only cost between $15 and $60 a year to support
Slaves had no rights, and it was common for the children or spouses of the slaves to be sold away from each other.
Receipt
Plow..…………………$1.60
Eve and child……..$156
Eight chairs……….$9.25

8. Abolition Abolition- movement to end slavery
Leading into the Civil War, one of the biggest debates was how to handle Slavery in the United States. As the government continued to delay, the American people began to take sides. Abolitionists, especially in the North, pushed for the Emancipation of all slaves
Abolition- movement to end slavery
Emancipation- Freeing of the slaves

9. Abolition
Several books, people and events pushed for an end to Slavery. An Abolitionist is someone who wants the end of slavery. There were many movements to end slavery and several important people, including:
-Liberia
-Frederick Douglass
-Underground Railroad
-Harriet Tubman
-Harriet Beecher Stowe
-Second Great Awakening

10. Liberia
One of the first abolitionist movements centered on sending slaves back to their native Africa. In 1821, a group of American abolitionists paid for a colony in Liberia, Africa. However, this movement was criticized by the African Americans, who saw themselves as Americans.

11. Frederick Douglass
Born a slave in 1817 Maryland, Frederick Douglass taught himself to read. At 17 he was sent to a “slave breaker” to teach him obedience. By age 21 he had escaped slavery by disguising himself as a sailor. Once in the northern colonies he became a famous anti-slavery speaker, telling about his experiences.
One of the reasons he gained fame was because he was a well spoken, educated African American. Most pro-slavery activists said slaves were incapable of learning.

12. Underground Railroad NOT underground NOT a true train
The Underground railroad refers to the secret passages slaves took to escape slavery.
Underground Railroad
Passage ways
Secret
Conductors- guides and helpful abolitionists who protected the escaping slaves

13. Underground Railroad (cont…)
Despite laws prohibiting help to escaping slaves, Conductors on the underground railroad would provide food, shelter, money and clothing to escaping slaves.
Though we think of the North a safe place, many laws were making it impossible for slaves to stay in the USA. Many slaves had to continue their journey all the way to Canada for freedom

14. Black Moses
Born a slave, Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery in She returned to the south repeatedly to help other slaves escape through the Underground Railroad.
It is estimated that she helped over 300 slaves to freedom. She once boasted “I never run my train off the track, and I never lost a passenger.”

15. Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, a white woman, the book became an instant best seller. The story, set in the pre-Civil War south, tells the story of Eliza Harris, an escaped slave. Eliza runs away because her child is about to be sold. Eliza finds help along the Underground Railroad. Another slave, Uncle Tom, is sold down the river to a cruel master who kills him.

16. Second Great Awakening
The Great Awakenings were a series of religious reform, that led people to renew their religious faith. The first occurred during the Colonial period. The second occurred during the early 1800s. The movement was evangelical, emphasizing:
Scripture (Bible) is the final authority
Salvation through belief in Jesus
Faith by performing good deeds

17. Second Great Awakening
As people in Kentucky and Tennessee refocused on religious values, they began to question the legitimacy of Slavery.
Take for example, when a wife in Ohio persuades her husband, a senator, to help escaped slaves:
“I don’t know anything about politics, but I can read my Bible; and there I see that I must feed the hungry, clothe the naked, and comfort the desolate; and that Bible I mean to follow.

18. Resistance to Abolitionism
Not Everyone wanted to see a world free from Slaves. For the Southern Plantation owners, the slaves were a vital part of the cheap labor force that gave them huge profits. For the northern workers, freed slaves would work for lower wages than the average white American.
Northerners were mostly concerned with:
-hindered trade due to Abolitionist movements
-fights over escaped slaves on the Underground Railroad
-Emancipated slaves may take jobs from Americans

19. Southern Views
Uncle Tom’s Cabin shocked the North, and convinced them that slavery was completely evil. In the South, the book was seen as a bunch of lies. The Southerners began to justify slavery:
-The owners took a personal interest in the slaves, feeding, housing and clothing them
-Northern factory owners did not care for their workers and paid so little workers starved

20. Southern Justification
The Negro in his own country
The Negro in America
According to this political cartoon, why is slavery a good thing for the slaves in America?

21. Gag Rules
To prevent the spread of Abolitionist ideas many southern states issued laws to prevent the rise of the African Negro. These laws include Gag Rules, which prohibited antislavery petitions from being read or acted upon.
Other laws, such as the Fugitive Slave Act, required escaped slaves to be returned to their rightful owner. Anyone found helping an escapee could be arrested and fined.

22. Review
The reason for ending the importation of enslaved persons in the United States after 1807 was the
Success of the American Colonial revolution against Great Britain
Rapid industrialization of the South
Replacement of slave labor by immigrant workers from Eastern Europe
Passage of legislation (laws) that forbid the practice