1. The homework due date has been postponed. It is now due on Thursday at 10:00 pm. The Chapter 7 Test will be on Friday

2. Chapter 7 Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle

3. You Must Know The role of glycolysis in oxidizing glucose to two molecules of pyruvate. How pyruvate is moved from the cytosol into the mitochondria and introduced into the citric acid cycle. That the citric acid cycle oxidizes organic molecules to produce NADH and FADH 2

4. Figure 7.6-1 Electrons via NADH Glycolysis GlucosePyruvate CYTOSOL ATP Substrate-level MITOCHONDRION

5. Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate P ADP Product ATP  Enzyme

6. Figure 7.6-2 Electrons via NADH Glycolysis GlucosePyruvate oxidation Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Electrons via NADH and FADH 2 CYTOSOL ATP Substrate-level ATP Substrate-level MITOCHONDRION

7. Figure 7.6-3 Electrons via NADH Glycolysis GlucosePyruvate oxidation Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Electrons via NADH and FADH 2 Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis CYTOSOL ATP Substrate-level ATP Substrate-level MITOCHONDRION ATP Oxidative

8. For each molecule of glucose degraded to CO 2 and water by respiration, the cell makes up to 32 molecules of ATP © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

9. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm Glycolysis Pyruvate oxidation Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation ATP Glycolysis occurs whether or not O 2 is present.

10. Energy Investment Phase Energy Payoff Phase Net Glucose 2 ADP  2 P 4 ADP  4 P 2 NAD   4 e −  4 H  4 ATP formed − 2 ATP used 2 ATP 4 ATP used formed 2 NADH  2 H  2 Pyruvate  2 H 2 O 2 NADH  2 H  2 ATP Glycolysis

11. Figure 7.UN07 Glycolysis Pyruvate oxidation Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation ATP

12. Figure 7.10 CYTOSOL Pyruvate (from glycolysis, 2 molecules per glucose) CO 2 CoA NAD  NADH MITOCHONDRION CoA Acetyl CoA  H  In the presence of O 2, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion (in eukaryotic cells). Pyruvate is oxidized

13. Figure 7.10b CoA Citric acid cycle FADH 2 FAD ADP  P i ATP NADH 3 NAD  3  3 H  2CO 2 CoA Acetyl CoA Citric Acid Cycle All along the citric acid cycle organic molecules are oxidized and NAD + is reduced to become NADH and FAD is reduced to become FADH 2. The NADH and FADH 2 produced by the cycle relay electrons extracted from food to the electron transport chain.