2. THE RISE OF HITLER & EUROPEAN DICTATORS 1920-38

3. VOCABULARY JOSEF STALINJOSEF STALIN TOTALITARIANISMTOTALITARIANISM BENITO MUSSOLINIBENITO MUSSOLINI FASCISMFASCISM ADOLF HITLERADOLF HITLER NAZISMNAZISM NEUTRALITY ACTSNEUTRALITY ACTS

4. TIMELINE 1922: MUSSOLINI SEIZES POWER IN ITALY1922: MUSSOLINI SEIZES POWER IN ITALY 1924: LENIN DIES / STALIN SEIZES POWER1924: LENIN DIES / STALIN SEIZES POWER 1925: ADOLF HITLER PUBLISHES MEIN KAMPF1925: ADOLF HITLER PUBLISHES MEIN KAMPF 1931: JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA1931: JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA 1933: HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY1933: HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY 1936-38: THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR1936-38: THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1937: JAPAN INVADES CHINA1937: JAPAN INVADES CHINA

5. THE RISE OF DICTATORS HOW DID WWI SET THE STAGE FOR WWII?HOW DID WWI SET THE STAGE FOR WWII? –TREATY OF VERSAILLES PLACED HUGE FINANCIAL BURDEN ON SOME NATIONS EX.: GERMANY & WAR REPARATIONS ($33 BILLION)EX.: GERMANY & WAR REPARATIONS ($33 BILLION) THIS CAUSED RESENTMENT THAT WAS MANIPULATED BY AMBITIOUS LEADERSTHIS CAUSED RESENTMENT THAT WAS MANIPULATED BY AMBITIOUS LEADERS –RESENTMENT DUE TO WHAT? –HOW WAS THIS MANIPULTAED BY AMBITIOUS PEOPLE? –EXAMPLES? –MANY NATIONS HAD NO EXPERIENCE WITH DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT –SO…IT WAS EASIER FOR DICTATORS TO SEIZE POWER –THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS HAD NO REAL POWER TO STOP AGGRESSION FROM DICTATORS

7. BorderBorder Changes, 1919

8. GERMANY AFTER VERSAILLES

9. DICTATORS WHAT NATIONS FELL VICTIM TO DICTATORSHIPS IN THE 1920’s & 30’s?WHAT NATIONS FELL VICTIM TO DICTATORSHIPS IN THE 1920’s & 30’s? –SOVIET UNION (RUSSIA) –ITALY –GERMANY –JAPAN –SPAIN WHO SEIZED POWER IN EACH NATION?WHO SEIZED POWER IN EACH NATION? –SOVIET UNION: JOSEF STALIN, COMMUNIST PARTY –ITALY: BENITO MUSSOLINI (a.k.a.“IL DUCE” ) & THE FACSIST PARTY –SPAIN: GEN. FRANCISCO FRANCO - MILITARY DICTATORSHIP –JAPAN: 2 LEADERS: EMPEROR HIROHITOEMPEROR HIROHITO GEN. HIDEKI TOJOGEN. HIDEKI TOJO

10. Adolf Hitler & Josef Stalin

11. GERMANY WHY DID GERMANY BECOME A DICTATORSHIP IN THE 1930’s?WHY DID GERMANY BECOME A DICTATORSHIP IN THE 1930’s? –GERMANY’S ECONOMY WAS DEVESTATED BY THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES –GERMAN LAND / RESOURCES WERE STRIPPED AWAY BY THE TREATY EX.: THE RHINELAND SEIZED BY FRANCEEX.: THE RHINELAND SEIZED BY FRANCE WHY IMPORTANT? – COAL, MINERAL RESOURCES WERE THEREWHY IMPORTANT? – COAL, MINERAL RESOURCES WERE THERE –GERMAN PRIDE / HONOR WAS STAINED BY THE RESULTS OF WWI –MANY GERMANS WANTED TO REGAIN GERMAN HONOR & POWER –1932: 6 MILLION GERMANS UNEMPLOYED RESULT? CONDTIONS ARE PERFECT FOR THE RISE OF A DICTATORRESULT? CONDTIONS ARE PERFECT FOR THE RISE OF A DICTATOR

13. 1930’s GERMAN CHILDREN USING CURRENCY BILLS AS TOY BUILDING BLOCKS

15. ADOLF HITLER:ADOLF HITLER: –AUSTRIAN BY BIRTH –DECORATED SOLDIER IN GERMAN ARMY IN WWI –AMBITION WAS TO BE A PAINTER REJECTED BY ART SCHOOLREJECTED BY ART SCHOOL HITLER IS RESENTFUL & RESTLESSHITLER IS RESENTFUL & RESTLESS –1919: JOINED ORIGINAL NAZI PARTY BECOMES NAZI FURHER, OR LEADERBECOMES NAZI FURHER, OR LEADER 1923: HITLER LEADS THE “BEER HALL PUTSCH” IN MUNICH1923: HITLER LEADS THE “BEER HALL PUTSCH” IN MUNICH –IT FAILS, HE AND OTHER NAZIS ARE ARRESTED –TRIED AND IMPRISONED FOR TREASON / ATTEMPTED REBELLION –DICTATES MEIN KAMPF WHILE IN PRISON 1925: PUBLISHES MEIN KAMPF1925: PUBLISHES MEIN KAMPF NAZI PARTY: BASIC IDEAS;NAZI PARTY: BASIC IDEAS; –EXTREME GERMAN NATIONALISM –EXTREME ANTI-SEMITISM / RACIAL IDEOLOGY –BELIEF IN NATIONAL EXPANSION, LEBENSRAUM –BELIEVED “ARYAN” RACE WAS DESTINED TO RULE –QUESTION: HOW DO NAZIS DEFINE “ARYAN”? JANUARY, 1933: HITLER ELECTED CHANCELLORJANUARY, 1933: HITLER ELECTED CHANCELLOR –QUESTIONS: WHY DID GERMANS SUPPORT HITLER?WHY DID GERMANS SUPPORT HITLER? WHAT METHODS DID NAZIS USE TO GAIN POWER?WHAT METHODS DID NAZIS USE TO GAIN POWER? NAZIS SEIZE POWER : THE THIRD REICH BEGINSNAZIS SEIZE POWER : THE THIRD REICH BEGINS

17. Hitler In WWIHitler In WWI German Army German Army Adolf Hitler, 1 yr. old (1890)

18. MUNICH, GERMANY AUGUST, 1914 OFFICIAL WAR DECLARATION IS READ TO POPULACE

19. HITLER REACTS TO NEWS OF WAR DECLARATION, MUNICH, AUGUST, 1914

20. HITLER (ABOVE AND RIGHT) WITH FELLOW GERMAN SOLDIERS

21. HITLER (extreme right) WITH FELLOW SOLDIERS AND “FUCHS”, DOG MASCOT

25. Painting by Adolf Hitler

28. Hitler & Mussolini, Hitler on Time

29. TIMELINE / OUTBREAK OF WAR 1938:1938: –GERMANY FORCES AUSTRIA TO UNIFY W/GERMANY CALLED THE “ANSCHLUSS”CALLED THE “ANSCHLUSS” HTILER CALLS FOR THE SUDETENLAND (Part of Czechoslovakia)HTILER CALLS FOR THE SUDETENLAND (Part of Czechoslovakia) GERMANY SEIZES THE SUDETENLAND (Why?)GERMANY SEIZES THE SUDETENLAND (Why?) –THE MUNICH CONFERENCE HITLER “GUARANTEES’ NO MORE AGGRESSIONHITLER “GUARANTEES’ NO MORE AGGRESSION NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN (BRITISH PRIME MINISTER), & FRANCE ACCEPT AGREEMENTNEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN (BRITISH PRIME MINISTER), & FRANCE ACCEPT AGREEMENT BRITS./ FRENCH THINK APPEASEMENT WILL WORKBRITS./ FRENCH THINK APPEASEMENT WILL WORK CHURCHILL PUBLICLY WARNS ABOUT NAZISCHURCHILL PUBLICLY WARNS ABOUT NAZIS 1939:1939: –GERMANS SEIZE REMAINDER OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA –GERMAN – SOVIET NONAGGRESSION TREATY –GERMANY INVADES POLAND (SEPT.) –FRANCE, BRITIAN DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY –WW II BEGINS

30. Munich, 1938: Chamberlain, Hitler, Mussolini

31. Chamberlain with Chamberlain & Hitler atChamberlain with Chamberlain & Hitler at Munich “Guarantees” The Munich Conference Munich “Guarantees” The Munich Conference

32. WINSTONWINSTONCHURCHILL

33. WINSTON CHURCHILL

34. MILTARY EXPANSION OF NAZI GERMANY, 1935 - 39

35. BLITZKREIG DEFINE: “BLITZKREIG”DEFINE: “BLITZKREIG” HOW DID A BLITZKREIG OPERATE?HOW DID A BLITZKREIG OPERATE? QUESTIONS:QUESTIONS: –WHY DID THE IDEA FOR BLITZKREIG DEVELOP IN THE 1930’s? –WHY DO YOU THINK THE GERMANS USED BLITZKREIG TACTICS?

36. BLITZKREIG: BASIC CONCEPTS

37. German Airdrop,German Airdrop, Crete, Greece, 1940

38. GERMAN PARATROOPERS, 1940

40. GERMAN “PANZERS” (TANKS), 1941 GERMAN “PANZERS” (TANKS), 1941

41. GermanGerman Luftwaffe Luftwaffe “Stuka” Dive Bombers, 1940

42. STUKAS IN ACTION