1. a) Nomadic societies were patriarchal. b) They had some social hierarchy. c) Most of the themes of nomadic art centered on their animals. d) Nomadic societies had little positive influence on settled peoples. e) Nomadic societies engaged in peaceful trade.

2. a) Byzantium after the end of Eastern Empire. b) China after the fall of the Han dynasty. c) Japan after the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate. d) The Holy Land after the unsuccessful Crusades ended. e) The Andes when the Spanish ousted the Inca.

5. a) Freedom of the seas b) Freedom of speech c) The institution of slavery d) States’ rights e) Presidential power in foreign affairs