1. + Biology 11 Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia: US!

2. + Mammalian Evolution evolved from the reptiles

3. + Mammalia Objectives General characteristics complete body systems: circulatory, respiratory, integumentary, reproductive, nervous, skeletal, excretory, digestive 3 orders and example animals

4. + Mammalian Characteristics 4 chambered heart Hair or fur Diaphragm for breathing Amniotic egg Mammary glands for nursing young Extensive post natal care Learning and reasoning levels of behavior

5. + Advances and Characteristics of the body systems: 1. Circulatory System Complete four chamber heart and circulatory pattern efficient transport system to every cell of the body

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7. + 2. Respiratory System Highly efficient lungs Chest muscles and a diaphragm to expand the chest cavity to increase capacity to hold air

8. + 3. Body Covering Covered with hair for insulation (modified scales) and sensing All mammals are endothermic (generate heat to maintain their body temperature) Have a layer of subcutaneous fat for insulation and food storage

9. + 4. Reproductive System Sexual reproduction Internal fertilization & development Amniotic egg: modified to include placenta in some mammals Nurse young with mammary glands Young born very immature - require extensive post natal care

10. + 5. Nervous System Most developed nervous system in the animal kingdom Great increase in cerebrum – responsible for thinking and learning Very well developed senses Behavior reaches learning and reasoning levels – infant care, mating & societies

11. + Brain Regions and Functions Frontal Lobe thinking, planning, & central executive functions; motor execution. Parietal Lobe somatosensory perception, integration of visual & somatospatial information. Temporal Lobe language function and auditory perception involved in long term memory and emotion. Occipital Lobe visual perception and processing.

12. + Class Mammalia 6. Skeletal System Limbs are well adapted for land & allow very rapid movement Also adaptation of limbs to move in air & water

13. + 7. Excretory System highly developed kidney – controls composition of body fluids nitrogenous wastes from blood  urea urine = urea + water + other wastes allowed mammals to live in many habitats ie. deserts – concentrate urine and feces  conserve water

14. + 8. Digestive System highly developed and specialized organs responsible for digestion Structure dependent on diet

15. 1. Monotremes Have fur & nurse young Have a bird bill & lay eggs which they incubate outside body Today represented only by Duck Billed Platypus and the two species of Anteater Classification The mammals are placed into three Orders:

16. + 2. The Marsupials Females do not have a uterus Young are “born” immature and finish their development in a pouch In pouch, young attach to mammary gland Examples : Australia: kangaroos, wallabies, possums and koala bears

17. + 3. The Placental Mammals Young develop completely inside the mother’s womb due to placenta The placenta is an organ that allows for gas exchange and nutrient/waste exchange between mother & fetus Most common order of mammals today - includes us!

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