1. STRATEGIES TO INCREASE READING SPEEDby
Didi Sukyadi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

2. What is Reading The interpretation of written symbols
The interpretation of all signs which stand for something else
The process of making intellectual adjustment to stimuli from various sources including natural signs as well as conventional symbols.

3. Barriers to Speed Reading
1) Faulty of visual perception (mistake e.g. pilot for plot, residence for resistance, stalk for stick, ladder for latter, etc.)
Overcome this problem by drills in rapid word recognition
2) Word by word reading
3) Regressions
4) Finger pointing and head swinging

4. Barriers to Speed Reading
Vocalization
Sub vocalization (lips, tongues, vocal cords, do not move)
Lack of stamina
Lack of motivation and reading interests
Word blocking (stopping to worry about unfamiliar words)
Word analysis (origin, structure, prefix and suffixes)

5. Barriers to Speed Reading
Monotonous plodding (always reads at the same speed with all kinds of reading materials)
Back tracking (Going back to read some words again)
Re-reading (reading the whole matters)
Readability (internal and external readability): Internal: supervised: 75%, independent: 90% (50%: frustrated level)
Mode and purpose (getting concepts or general information?)
Lack of concentration

6. Practicing Speed Reading
Decide whether you are serious or not
Set aside 30 minutes to read every day
Set a fix schedule
Don’t practice when you are tired
Use varied materials
Read the materials as rapidly as you can
Don’t worry if your comprehension drops when you read faster.

7. Practicing Speed Reading
Sharpen your speed perception
Enlarge your span of recognition
Reduce sub-vocalization
Avoid unnecessary digression
Read with concentration and attention
Maintain regular record of your reading speed.
Build up a stamina for reading
Have a strong motivation and interests for reading
Cultivate your desire to increase your reading speed.

8. Speed Reducer Unfamiliar terms Difficult sentence or paragraph
Difficult concepts
Detailed technical materials
Difficult and detailed directions
Materials on which you need detailed retention
Material with a diagram
Material requires visualising time
Material you wish to weigh carefully

9. Speed supporter Simple materials
Examples and illustrations unnecessary for understanding
Detailed explanation and elaboration which you do not need
Ideas which restatement of previous ones
Materials from which you want only the more important ideas

10. Good Readers Rich vocabulary Read in larger thought units or phrases
Make only needed fixations as the materials demand
Wider span of recognition
Read with confidence
Absence of vocalization
Read with definite purpose
Can read beyond the lines
Positive and lively attitudes
A wide variety of reading interests
Use several speed
No retention problem
Highly motivated
Strong stamina

11. Poor Readers Read by word Does not take help from contextual clues
Lacking eye-mind coordination
Backtracking, refocusing, rereading
Daydream freely
Poor reading background
Overestimate the difficulty of the materials
Read all types of materials with extra care as if it were a legal document
Take reading as a tiresome activity.

12. SKIMMING Quickly gathering information from the printed page.
Allow our eyes to travel over a page quickly, stopping only here and there to gain idea
Skipping the irrelevant parts and select those that are relevant
Don’t vocalize and sub-vocalize

13. HOW TO SKIMM Examining preface, table of content and headings
Sampling various pages in a story or novel to decide if it is easy enough to read
Sampling the introduction, section headings, illustrations or maps and conclusion of a chapter.
Examination of introduction, section heading, illustrations or maps
Examination of headlines, accompanying illustrations and perhaps topic sentences.

14. SCANNING Looking for information we need
Glance quickly down the page or column expecting the information to stand out from the rest of the page.
Verify that he/she has found the sought for information
Identify signposts of the author such as chapter titles, headings, side headings, boldfaces, italic or index.

15. SKIMMING-SCANNING
Skimming is a rapid reading where the eyes keep floating over the reading materials.
Scanning; finding facts in a very fast manner.
Skimming: we do not find a specific answer but skipping over large section of materials to get overall picture of a selection
Scanning becomes easier if it is preceded by skimming.

16. WHEN SCANNING Move our eyes across the page as quickly as possible
Know what to find before we begin to scan
Flash our eyes down the page for information we want only
Once we find lines in the passage that may lead what we are seeking, stop scanning instantly.
Shift your reading into a careful reading to find out what we are looking for

17. THE SIX MYTHS I have to read every word Reading once is enough
It is sinful to skip pages in reading
If I skim or read too rapidly, my comprehension will drop
Machines are necessary to increase my reading speed.
There is something about my eyes that keeps me from reading fast.

18. MERITS OF SKIMMING Improve average reading speed Saving time
Increase comprehension
Useful for getting reference information
Giving more outputs in very less time
Increasing our fund of knowledge
Helping in book selection
Consolidating technique for revising reading materials

19. OK4R
Overview (read introductory paragraph, center or side headings, topic sentence, general contents)
Key ideas ( Distinguish key ideas from secondary ideas. Convert headings into questions)
Read (Read the section to answer your questions. Pay close attention to transitional signals. Keep asking yourself)

20. OK4R
Recall (test your memory and understanding. Without looking at the section, try to say or write the main points of it)
Reflect (Think about what you have read. Relate facts and ideas into what you already know)
Review (review it periodically. Say over the sequence of main ideas and supporting details

21. PQRST
Preview the selection (read title, headings, first and last sentence of paragraphs)
Raise the questions about the contents during previewing. Headings to questions
Read to answer questions posed in P & R
Summarize by making brief notes based answers to preview questions. Find main ideas of each paragraph and the whole selection.
Test your understanding by attempting to answer preview questions without looking at the notes

22. SQ3Rs
Survey (getting to know with the outlines, chapter titles, main headings, topic sentence and summary, boldface, pictures, drawings, maps and diagrams, questions)
Question (turn the main headings or subheadings into questions)
Read (definite reason of reading, define the problem, focus on main points, group supporting details, pay attention to illustrations, be flexible readers,

23. SQ3Rs
Recite (self examination; recite the answers to the questions without referring to texts or notes)
Review (symbolical review: recall, self-recitation, class discussion, test, summaries and lecture notes. Re-impression review: occurs when a reader rereads

24. PQ3R For a thorough understanding about the content P (Preview)
Q (Question)
R (Read)
R (Reflect)
R (Recite)
R (Review)

25. Critical Reading Reading the lines (What did he say?)
Reading between the lines (What did he mean?)
Reading beyond the lines (What generalization may be drawn?, What evaluations may I make?

26. Steps in Critical Reading
Recognizing the author’s intent
Exploring the scope of the selection
Reflecting about biases
Comprehending what author said
Assessing the soundness of the author’s ideas
Relating and synthesizing the ideas presented
Applying ideas gained to other materials read