1. How Can a War be Cold and yet have Hotspots?
The Cold War:
How Can a War be Cold and yet have Hotspots? 1

2. What are the objects in this political cartoon?
What do you believe “retaliate” means?
What are these gigantic objects?
Discuss what they believe is happening in the political cartoon. What are they objects? What do you think the word “retaliate” means? Why do you think the artist had them using bows and arrows and not guns? Do not correct students with answers. At the end of their lesson they will return to this political cartoon and retell you what they see after they listen to the lesson.
Where do you think these soldiers are from? 2 2

3. After World War II, the Cold War began and caused tension throughout the world.
The USA and the USSR were the two world “Superpowers.”
The USA was a capitalist society with a democracy.
The USSR was a communist country with a dictatorship.
Both wanted to be the most powerful nation in the world.
Define term capitalist: an economic system where people/individual control the productions o9f goods and services Define communist: an economic system in which the government controls the means of production. Review meaning of dictatorship: ruler who has total power over the country and people 3 3

4. Nuclear Tensions
The USA had exploded the A-bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.
The USSR was also developing atomic weapons/bombs. Developed own bomb in 1949
The USA and the USSR were in competition with each other to have the best, most powerful weapons in the world – this was called an Arms Race. 4

5. After World War II, the world changed!
Many countries became communistic:
Czechoslovakia (1948)
Poland (1947)
Hungary (1947)
China (1949)
Cuba (1959)
North Korea (1945)
Review list quickly Just to give them an idea that it happened over time 5 5

6. Countries become Communist…
Korea becomes divided into two nations
South Korea: democratic
North Korea: communist, Mao Zedong becomes a dictator
China becomes communistic: The People’s Republic of China in 1949
1954 Vietnam becomes divided
North Vietnam becomes communist
South Vietnam becomes democratic
Do not need to memorize these countries but need to be able to sort. 6 6

7. The Domino Effect
The USSR had a lot of power over the new communist countries (especially those in Europe).
The USA was worried the U.S.S.R. or Soviet Union was becoming more powerful.
The USA did not want communism to spread any further – they were worried about the domino effect (one country becomes communist, then another, then another etc) 7

8. This caused the world to become divided.
At the end of World War II both countries wanted their government system and beliefs to spread
The United States wanted people to vote and for democracy to spread
The Soviet Union or U.S.S.R. wanted communism to spread.
This tension/conflict between the two countries was noticeable. 8

9. What were the goals of theses two countries?
U.S.S.R.
United States
Containment: Do not let communism spread
Assist countries to be democratic
Wanted open trade policy
Spread communism around the world
Control all communist countries around the world
Control trade of communist countries
Review of economic terms 9 9

10. How were these two government economic systems set up?
Free Enterprise/Capitalism
Communism
The government owns all the stores, factories, banks, utilities, transportation systems..etc
The government has complete control
This is the economic system of the U.S.S.R. or Soviet Union
Run by a dictator, Joseph Stalin
People did not vote
People are free to own or work for a business of their choosing
Consumers and business owners control the economy
Also named capitalism
This is the economic system of the United States
Democratic: vote for leaders
Shows the reasons we wanted to stop the spread of communism and interferes with American rights. Opportunity to review American liberties…due process, Constitution protects rights 10 10

11. Cold War?
The tension and rivalry between the USA and the USSR was described as the “Cold War” ( ).
There was never a real war between the two sides between 1945 and 1990, but they were often very close to war (Hotspots).
Both sides got involved in other conflicts in the world to spread communism or stop communism. 11

12. What are the objects in this political cartoon?
What do you believe “retaliate” means?
What are these gigantic objects?
Discuss what they believe is happening in the political cartoon. What are they objects? What do you think the word “retaliate” means? Why do you think the artist had them using bows and arrows and not guns? Do not correct students with answers. At the end of their lesson they will return to this political cartoon and retell you what they see after they listen to the lesson.
Where do you think these soldiers are from? 12 12

13. Lightning Round…. What is a “superpower?
What type of government system does the United States have?
What type of government system does the Soviet Union have?
Describe why the allies began to have tensions between them. 13

14. Another Cold War Crisis..Germany
East – West rivalry
Berlin divided – Let’s compare /contrast the two halves.
EAST:
Much less money, jobs
Under Communist control
Saw West Berlin as an “infection”/ “problem”
WEST:
Wealthier, helped by US, jobs
Attracted people from the East. 14

15. More Tension… The U.S.S.R- East The U.S.A. –West
wanted a demilitarized Germany
demands reparations for past invasions.
a rebuilt Germany would be a problem
The U.S.A. –West
The West believed the rebuilding of Germany was needed; join Germany into one country
refused to pay reparations from West Germany to the Soviets.
rebuild Western Germany
Good spot to review prefix “re” 15 15

16. How did the United States respond to the U.S.S.R?
President Truman promised to help any country that the U.S.S.R. wanted to turn into communist
This policy was called the Truman Doctrine or policy of containment
Soviet Union began putting restrictions on traffic to Berlin from Western Zones (March 30, 1948)
Use containment to teach: Suffix review “ment” 16 16

17. All baggage had to be inspected at Soviet check points
US personnel traveling through the Soviet had to present evidence of identity
Shipments from Berlin to Western zones had to be cleared through Soviet check points
All baggage had to be inspected at Soviet check points
The US protested, but the Soviets did not listen
Spring of 1948, more restrictions were put into place
Soviets explained them as “technical difficulties” such as repairs to railways..etc 17

18. What other factors led to difficulty between these two countries?
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) Democratic countries of Europe and the United States formed to support democracy; also called the Western Bloc
Warsaw Pact: The countries under Russian control at the end of the war agree to Russian control; also called the “Iron Curtain”
I am using this to show why we today are called the west. 18 18

19. Have students interpret the meaning of this political cartoon
Have students interpret the meaning of this political cartoon. Identify individuals..etc 19 19

20. Why was Joseph McCarthy important?
Meanwhile back in the United States Americans became more afraid because of the tension between the United States and the Soviet Union.
This was evident when a man named Joseph McCarthy came to power in the United States as a senator.
He claimed that communists were everywhere in the United States and that they were trying to change the American way of life. He said that Americans needed to watch out for communist spies. This time in our history was known as the Red Scare or McCarthyism 20

21. Sen. Joseph McCarthy
Rose to power in 1950 when he said he had a list of "members of the Communist Party and members of a spy ring" employed in the state department .”
Never able to prove his list
said, “The State Department is infested with communists. I have here in my hand a list of 205—a list of names that were made known to the Senator as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department.“
Became known as McCarthyism: lasting roughly from 1950 to 1956; Time when fear of communist and their influence on American as well as fear of espionage by Soviet agents
Senator from Wisconsin, claimed there were a number of communist and Soviet spies and sympathizers within the United States
Rose to power in Feb 1950 when he had a list of "members of the Communist Party and members of a spy ring" employed in the state department
Never able to prove his list
Speech said The State Department is infested with communists. I have here in my hand a list of 205—a list of names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department." 21 21

22. Hundreds of elementary and high school teachers lost their jobs
-April 1949-
"You read books, eh?"
Hundreds of elementary and high school teachers lost their jobs
Some individuals compiled and circulated their own blacklists.
The motives of some self-serving or vindictive accusers were summed up by Herb Block in a phrase: "If you can't crush the commies, you can nail a neighbor." 22

23. The Korean War 23

24. Show them division of country24 24

25. What happens in Korea? June 1950: North Korea invades South Korea
The U.S. and other countries sent troops through United Nations to stop the invasion.
Troops were commanded by Douglas MacArthur
Violent war; 36,500 American soldiers died 25

26. How does this end? 1953 a truce is signed
Both side agree to stop fighting
An imaginary line is drawn separating the fighting called the 38th parallel
Today this is still an armed area with soldiers from both sides armed and prepared to fight
Discuss meaning of truce. At this point talk about US troops currently being stationed there. Current world Hotspot with new dictator. 26 26

27. The Berlin Wall 1961 27

28. THE BERLIN WALL
Explain the virtually over night the Berlin wall was constructed. 28 28

29. Why did the U.S.S.R. build the Berlin Wall?
The city of Berlin is still divided!
East Berlin: Soviet control
West Berlin: Allies control
Thousands of people fleeing from Eastern Germany and Berlin to West Berlin and West Germany
In August 1961; the Soviets built the wall
The You tube video is an excellent video that really shaped my students understanding how the wall impacted the people of Berlin as well as how the people of the day wanted freedom. Well worth the time! Newsreel/docudrama footage one year after the wall was built. 29 29

30. People Escaping from East Germany or East Berlin to West
,245
,648
,390
,870
,622
,917
,026
,356
,632
,876
Numbers of people who escaped West Have students explain why the numbers dramatically dropped in 1961.
Things are really tense! 30 30

31. Day 4: Standards/Objectives
SS5H8 The student will describe the importance of key people, events, and developments between
a. Discuss the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War. 31

32. Lightning Round…. What caused the Korean War?
Describe why the allies began to have tensions between them that led to the Berlin Airlift.ow the United States became involved in the Korean War. 32

33. The Vietnam War c 33

34. North Vietnam: Communist Southern Vietnam: Democratic
North supported by: China, the Soviet Union
South
primarily the United States, United Nations
lasted for twenty years, something the US never expected when it joined in the fight.
US lost the war
the US lost prestige in the eyes of the world 34

36. Point out to students that they are walking in waist high water
Point out to students that they are walking in waist high water. Have students realize the thickness of the jungle and how it was easier to walk through the water than through the thick vegetation. 36 36

37. Significance of the War
Over $200 billion spent
60,000 U.S. dead
3 million dead in Indo-China
Destroyed Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
Ruined U.S. credibility
Ruined trust of U.S. public 37

42. The Americans Leave…
For Americans, the lasting image of the end of the Vietnam War came from the nightly news. On April 29, 1975, television showed the evacuation of Saigon as U.S. Marine helicopters swooped down to the U.S. Embassy and the roof of a nearby CIA safe house to rescue the last 1,000 Americans in the city and some 6,000 Vietnamese and their families who worked for them.
Show you tube video: Not the news footage but a British video 42 42

43. Day 5: Standards/Objectives
SS5H8 The student will describe the importance of key people, events, and developments between
a. Discuss the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War.
Identify Joseph McCarthy and Nikita Khrushchev. 43

44. Lightning Round…. What caused the Vietnam War?
Describe how the United States became involved in the Vietnam War.
Who won the Vietnam War? 44

45. The Cuban Missile Crisis 196245

46. Tensions continue…
Nikita Khrushchev , leader of the Soviet Union, September 7,1953-October 14,1964
Leader of Cuba: Fidel Castro, Communist dictator
John F. Kennedy, president of the United States
The Cuban Missile Crisis began when the United States discovered that the USSR was trying to put Nuclear Missiles in Cuba. 46

50. What happened during the October Crisis?
24 October, 10:32 am, Soviet ships stop and turn round
25 October, aerial photos show continued construction of missile sites
26 October, Kennedy receives another letter offering to negotiate over missiles in Cuba with removal of blockade and US invasion threat
27 October, Kennedy receives second letter calling for withdrawal of US missiles in Turkey too 50 50

52. What was the outcome of the crisis?
Cuba remained communist and is still heavily armed (without nuclear missiles)
Permanent hotline between White House & Kremlin set up (Soviet government)
Supported theory of containment & co-existence because alternatives unimaginable
Realized the result was nuclear war 52 52

53. The Cold War Ends
SS5H9 The student will trace important developments in America since 1975.
a. Describe U. S. involvement in world events; include efforts to bring peace to the Middle East, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Persian Gulf War, and the War on Terrorism in response to September 11, 2001. 53

54. The End of the Cold War
President Mikhail Gorbachev, leader, Soviet Union in 1985, reformer
Revolution in Poland and the fall of the Berlin Wall signals the end of the Cold War.
Changes Soviet Union, Renamed Russia
Photo 1: Gorbachev, Photo 2: Lech Walesa: Polish Solidarity leader who was elected to parliament though not communist; caused revolution in Poland Time magazine photos and conversation with photo journalist 54 54

55. 55

56. 56

57. Citations www.kgv.edu.hk/...Cold_War/ , (slides 1-11)
story/coldwar.ppt , (slides 1-3) 57