1. The Age of Jackson Chapter 12
What Impact Did Andrew Jackson’s Presidency Have on the Nation?
Chapter 12

2. Sectionalism Changes Politics
Sectional interests to tear apart Democrat – Republican Party.
Four men competed to replace James Monroe.
1. John Quincy Adams- (New England) Secretary of State
2. Henry Clay-(Westerners) The Great Compromise
3. Andrew Jackson- (Westerners) Military Hero –Tennessee
4. Southerners supported William Clark of Georgia

3. Adams Defeats Jackson in 1824
Jackson won the most popular votes in the election. No candidate won the majority of electoral votes.
The Constitution stated that the House of Representatives must choose a president.
Clay came in 4th- Throw support to Adams – Adams won. Clay was given Secretary of State. Charges of “Corrupt Bargain” – Followed throughout Adams term.

4. Adam’s Ideas 1. Build roads 2. Build Canals
3. Aid education and Science
4. Regulate use of natural resources
Congress led by Jackson defeated all proposals.
Jackson felt – election of 1824 was taken from him.

5. Jackson Redefines Democracy
Andrew Jackson broadens the American democracy by advocating the extension of voting rights to more of the population.
Election of Jackson vs. Adams
Both sides made personal attacks
Voting Rights Expand
Election of Jackson vs. Adams (Personal Attacks)
Jackson crusaded against wealthy control of government
Look out for interests of Common People.
Majority Rule

6. Jacksonian Democracy- Political power to more people majority rule
Jackson wins 1828-
Expansion of Voting rights- helped achieve overwhelming success in 1828 Presidential election.
End to government ran by educated elite-
Loss of Jackson’s wife- Heart Attack – caused death because of reputation attacks.

7. A New Political Era Begins
He promised to reform government and started by replacing many government officials.
Spoils System: The practice of giving government jobs to political backers.
Rotation of Office- Broke one group’s hold on the government

8. Rising Sectional Differences
Country being pulled apart by conflicts
1. Sale of public land in the west
2. Federal spending on internal improvements ( Roads and Canals)
3. Rising Tariffs

9. Regional Interests
Westerners – wanted government to sell land at low prices.
1. encourage settlements- to gain political power
North Easterners: Feared cheap land west would take away working needed for Eastern industry.
Transportation routes bring (Food and Raw materials to Northeast) and (Manufactured goods to West)
Southerners opposed federal spending on such projects because they were financed through tariffs.

10. Southerners Against Tariffs
Tariffs made imported goods more expensive- relied on Foreign Manufactured Goods ( Hurt South’s Economy)

11. Federal Government vs. The States
Debate over balance of power of federal and state governments.
State’s rights –The rights of the states to make decisions without interference from federal government.
The Nullification Crisis
1828 – Congress passed a bill raised tariffs on raw materials.
Southerners hated the tariff

12. Tariff of abominations: law that significantly raised tariffs on raw materials and manufactured goods.
Felt Northeasterners determined National Policy.
John C. Calhoun: Jackson’s Vice President – sympathized with South Carolina didn’t want them to leave union – (Solution)
Doctrine of Nullification- State had the right to nullify or reject a federal that was unconstitutional
Didn’t believe it was right to favor a region over another region.

13. The State’s Right Position
Calhoun- continued to raise debate until the civil war.
Jackson states his position
Jackson supports state’s rights- ( state should nullify federal law)
From the day of the party- ( Calhoun and Jackson were enemies.

14. South Carolina Threatens to Secede
Jackson worked to limit federal government – dedicated to pressure the union.
Asked Congress to reduced tariffs ( Did reduce)
South Carolina threatened to secede- withdrawn from union- If government tried to collect tariff.
Jackson re-election 1832
1. Enforce Federal Law
2. To Preserve Union
In Senate Henry Clay came up with a compromise tariff (Ended the Crisis)
South Carolina remained in the union.

15. Section 2 Jackson’s Policy Toward Native Americans
Early 1800’s – still many Native Americans living East of the Mississippi
White’s viewed- Native American as a (Obstacle for Progress)
Tribes of the Southeast
Whites hoped Native Americans could assimilate- be absorbed into white culture.
Many white felt that Native Americans were “uncivilized” and did not want to live near them.

16. Most lived in Southeast 5 civilized tribes
1820’s – 100,000 Native Americans – remained east of the Mississippi River.
Most lived in Southeast
5 civilized tribes
1. Cherokee
2. Chickasaw
3. Choctaw
4. Creek
5. Seminole
Reasons adopted many aspects of White Culture
Located mostly in Georgia, The Carolinas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee

17. Cherokee drew up Constitution based on U. S
Cherokee drew up Constitution based on U.S. Constitution and founded Cherokee Nation.

18. Jackson’s Removal Policy
Jackson wanted movement ( Native Americans west of Mississippi).
He believed government had right to move Americans where ever needed.
Had two choices
1. assimilate
2. become U.S. Citizens or move Western territories
1828- Gold discovered on Cherokee land in Georgia. Many settlers pored onto their lands.
Georgia passed laws to throw Indians off lands.

19. The Indian Removal Act-1830 law that called for the government to negotiate treaties requiring Native Americans to relocate west.
The Trail of Tears: forced removal of the Cherokee from their homeland to Indian Territory.

20. Section 3 Prosperity and Panic
Jackson Targets the National Bank
Second Bank of U.S. – most powerful banks in the country
Jackson declared war on the bank

21. Mr. Biddle’s Bank
Biddle- set policies to control nation’s money supply
Made loans for congress men – could influence
Corrupt bank and too much power- Jackson
Charter written grant –from federal government
Wanted renewed bank charter – (Jackson vetoed the renewal- Congress voted to renew)

22. Supreme Court –ruled bank constitutional
Jackson continued to disagree (monopoly)
Henry Clay v. Jackson – Jackson won reelection went to war against bank.
Jackson won the war against the bank (Economy will suffer)

23. Prosperity to Panic
Jackson’s state banks made it easier to borrow money – Many people got loans.
Economy boomed –Produced to much money – made money worth less
Inflation: increase in prices and decrease in value of money
To Fight inflation made people pay with gold or sliver for public land.

24. Van Buren won election of 1836
Balloon like prosperity
A few months later : Panic of 1837: widespread fear about the state of the economy that spread after Van Buren took office
People began to exchange paper money for gold and silver
Depression – a severe economic slump

25. The Birth of the Whigs
Whig Party: formed by Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and other Jackson opponents. Named British Party opposed royal power
Opposed concentration of power of Chief Executive : Andrew Jackson
Congress represented people not president
Whigs chose (William Henry Harrison of Ohio) Presidential Candidate and John Tyler was vice president.

26. The Election 0f 1840 Harrison – Hero of Tippecanoe and War of 1812
emphasized personalities not political issues
Because lack of political experiences.
Harrison won election of 1840 – But died soon after inauguration.
John Tyler – Becomes president showed importance of West in the election