1. Objective 4.02: Use sexual and asexual methods of propagation
Plant Propagation
Objective 4.02: Use sexual and asexual methods of propagation

2. Do Not Write this Slide
First Title for your notes “Sexual Propagation”
The next 6 slides will go under this section.

3. Sexual Propagation from seeds Germination Rate-% of seed that sprouts
Ex)75 out of 100=75%
Rate affected by seed viability, temperature, moisture, and sunlight.
Rates vary depending on plant and quality of seed, also.

4. Seeds! Seed viability: seed’s capability of growing or developing
Affected by temperature and moisture

5. Seeds & Seedlings Seed plant depth depends on size of seeds
Plant seeds no more than 1 ½ times the diameter of the seed
Larger seeds planted deeper
Smaller seeds are planted shallow
Ex)Petunia seeds are TINY
Water small seeds from bottom by soaking to prevent burying them

6. Seeds and Seedlings Seedlings (small plants)
First set of leaves called cotyledons
Monocots produce _______ seed leaf
Dicots produce ________ seed leaves
True leaves are the second set of leaves
Transplant when first true leaves appear.
Reduce humidity and water and make environment more like outside to “harden off” plants

7. Sexual Propagation Advantages Disadvantages
Fast way to get many plants
Easy to do
Economical
Disadvantages
Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce true to parents.
Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds.

8. Materials to Sexually Propagate
Germinating Mat: This is used to warm up the soil to create the exact growing conditions a plant needs to germinate.
Dibbit: tool used to help put an indention in soil where seed is to be planted

9. Seeds Some examples of plants started by seed include: Marigold
Impatiens
Begonia
Coleus
Shasta daisy
Pansy

10. Key Terms
Stratification: Process where seeds are exposed to water, or certain temp. to increase germination
Scarification: Process where seeds are scratched or notched to rough up seed coat to make easier to germinate
Cotyledons: first leaves that emerge from soil to start process of photosynthesis in seedling

11. Germination Rate Problems
If you have 1000 seeds and there is a germination rate of 60%…how many seedlings actually emerged from the soil?

12. NEW SECTION! DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE.
MAKE A NEW SECTION ON YOUR PAPER TITLED “ASEXUAL PROPAGATION”

13. Asexual Propagation Asexual—uses growing plant parts other than seeds
There are several different methods
Cutting
Layering
Division or separation
Budding
Grafting
Tissue Culture

14. Cuttings
Rooting from cuttings—rooting media should be about four inches deep.
Best time of day is early morning because plants have more moisture.
Stem
Leaf
Root

15. Stem Cuttings Start with sterile flats, soil, and tools
Must include a node
Node: A point along a plant where leaves or other stems are attached
Internode: Area between two nodes
Cutting: Taking a 4-6 inch piece of a plant and forcing roots to grow
Using hormones and dipping the cutting in fungicides help speed up rooting

16. Stem Cuttings Herbaceous plants are soft tissue plants
Herbaceous cuttings: Geranium, Impatiens, Begonia, Coleus
Woody plants are plants that produce woody tissue
Woody cuttings: Holly, Abelia, Rosemary

17. Leaf Cuttings Usually propagated from herbaceous plants
Midrib vein must be cut in order to make roots form
Examples:
African violet and philodendron
Snake plant and jade plant

18. Root Cuttings Should be spaced three inches apart in rooting area
A sand, vermiculite or perlite mixture is a good medium for root cuttings
The best time of day to take a stem, leaf or root cutting is early morning because plants have more moisture
Examples: Hosta and Daylily

19. Division
Cutting or pulling apart rhizomes, tubers, runners, stolons, etc. to get new plants
Rhizome: Creeping underground stem Ex)Cannas & Bearded Iris
Stolon: Creeping above ground stem
Ex)Strawberry
Tuber: Swollen, modified stem that grows underground
Ex)Potato

20. Division Used on plants that grow in clumps
Ex) Hostas, Daylilies, Irises, Grasses

21. Layering Air layering http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eozrB950FFc
Make an incision at node of branch
Dust with rooting hormone, place sphagnum moss in plastic and wrap around the incision forcing roots to grow on the stem of the plant
Once roots form, remove below the new roots for a new plant

22. Layering Trench Layering http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCyT3mv5Wvs
Cutting a trench and laying a branch in the trench
Types include: simple, tip, and serpentine

23. Layering
Mound layering
Mounding the soil on a branch

24. Separation
Separating natural structures of a plant without making a cut
Examples of plants that can be separated: bulbs and corms
Corm: Enlarged, bulb-like, fleshy structure found at the base of a stem. Usually flattened and round.
Ex) Gladiolus and crocus

25. Budding Budding—a form of grafting when a bud is used
Methods of budding:
1. Patch budding.
2. T-budding.
Chip budding.
Ex) Rose

26. Patch Budding

27. T Budding

28. Chip Budding

29. Grafting
Grafting—joining separate plant parts together so that they form a union and grow together to make one plant
Tools needed:
Knife
Tape
Wax
Plants must be related to each other and normally in the same genus or family

30. Grafting Scion: Piece of the plant at the top of graft
Rootstock: Piece of the plant at the root or bottom of graft
EX) Maples, fruit trees, sweetgum, pecan

31. Tissue Culture Micropropagation
Must have sterile environment.
Way to get most plants in short time.
Identical to parent plant.

32. Advantages
Asexual reproduction or propagation—plants mature in shorter time.
Budding is faster or quicker than grafting.
In trench layering, plant forms at each node on covered stem.
Some plants do not produce viable seeds.
New plants are same as parent plant.

33. Disadvantages
Some require special equipment and skills, such as grafting.
Cuttings detach plant parts from water and nutrient source.
Some plants are patented making propagation illegal.