1. “Sure, the pictures are scary, but the statistics are even worse!”
What’s Up Down There?
“Sure, the pictures are scary, but the statistics are even worse!” 1

2. Every year, 3 million teens acquire an STI.
That’s 1 in 4 sexually active teens. 2

3. More than 65 million people in the U
More than 65 million people in the U.S and Canada are currently living with an STI, and almost 1 million are infected with HIV. 3

4. What Are STIs?
Sexually transmitted infections are passed from an infected person through sexual activity that involves the anus, vagina or penis. 4

5. How Are STIs Spread?
Body fluids including blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. These fluids can be passed from partner to partner during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
Skin-to-skin contact. This can happen when rubbing genitals, or when one person touches another’s genitals and then touches his/her own. 5

6. What Are The Common STIs?
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
HPV
Herpes
Pubic Lice
Hepatitis B
HIV 6

7. CHLAMYDIA 7

8. The Facts About Chlamydia
Chlamydia is caused by a bacterium
Symptoms can appear 21 days after contact
75% of women and 50% of men with Chlamydia are asymptomatic--they may not know they have it
Infection can be cured with antibiotics, but any damage to the body is permanent
Statistic from CDC, Tracking the Hidden Epidemics—Trends in STDs in the U.S. (2000) 8

9. How is It Spread? [CHLAMYDIA]
Through vaginal, anal and oral sex. 9

10. Symptoms in Women [CHLAMYDIA]
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge
Brownish color
Can have strong odor
Not clear and watery
Clear/normal consistency
Watery
Image courtesy of the Seattle STD / HIV Prevention Training Center at the University of Washington, Source: Claire E. Stevens and Ronald E. Roddy.
Image courtesy of University of Washington STD prevention. 10

11. Symptoms in Women, cont’d [CHLAMYDIA]
Left image courtesy of the Seattle STD / HIV Prevention Training Center at the University of Washington, Source: Claire E. Stevens. Right image courtesy of CDC, Source: St. Louis STD/HIV PTC.
Ladies and Gents - this is a healthy cervix…
… and this is a cervix on Chlamydia.
Images courtesy of University of Washington STD prevention. 11

12. Symptoms in Men [CHLAMYDIA]
Discharge from the penis (may be runny and whitish)
Burning when urinating/during urination 12

13. If Left Untreated… [CHLAMYDIA]
In Women: In Men:
Can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which can lead to sterility
Can cause sterility
Can cause testicles to become swollen and tender 13

14. How Common is It? [CHLAMYDIA]
3 million cases occur each year
40% of all Chlamydia infections occur in teens, aged 15-19
Statistic from CDC, Tracking the Hidden Epidemics—Trends in STDs in the U.S. (2000) 14

15. GONORRHEA 15

16. The Facts [GONORRHEA]
Also called the “clap,” “drip,” “strain,” or “the whites”
Caused by a bacterium
Symptoms can appear in 1-13 days after contact
Infection can be cured with antibiotics, but any damage to the body is permanent 16

17. Through vaginal, anal and oral sex.
How is It Spread?
Through vaginal, anal and oral sex. 17

18. Symptoms in Women [GONORRHEA]
Greenish, yellowish vaginal discharge
Painful urination
Possible abnormal vaginal bleeding 18

19. Symptoms in Men [GONORRHEA]
Thick discharge from the penis that is yellowish, greenish or milky white
Burning when urinating
Image courtesy of CDC, Source: Florida STD / HIV Prevention Training Center.
Image courtesy of the CDC. 19

20. If Left Untreated… [GONORRHEA]
In Women: In Men:
Can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which can lead to sterility
Can cause testicles to become swollen and tender 20

21. How Common is It? [GONORRHEA]
About 650,000 cases occur each year in the U.S.
National statistic from CDC: Tracking the Hidden Epidemics—Trends in STDs in the U.S. (2000). Statewide
statistic from Washington State Department of Health report on Notifiable Conditions. 21

22. Okay, let’s all take a break and look at something soothing.22

23. SYPHILIS 23

24. The Facts on SYPHILIS Also called “bad blood,” “pox,” or “zipper cut”
Symptoms may appear days after contact
Syphilis occurs in stages
Infection can be cured with antibiotics, but any damage done to the body is permanent 24

25. How is It Spread? [SYPHILIS]
Through vaginal, anal and oral sex. 25

26. Symptoms of the Primary Stage [SYPHILIS]
A sore may appear on the genitals, lips, anus, or other area of direct contact
Image courtesy of CDC, Source: Florida STD / HIV Prevention Training Center.
Image courtesy of the CDC. 26

27. Symptoms of the Primary Stage, cont’d [SYPHILIS]
Syphilis sores
Left image courtesy of CDC, Source: CDC / NCHSTP / Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides. Right image courtesy of CDC, Source: CDC / NCHSTP / Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides.
Image courtesy of the CDC.
Image courtesy of the CDC. 27

28. Symptoms of the Secondary Stage [SYPHILIS]
Skin rashes, lasting 2-6 weeks, on the palms of hands, bottoms of feet, or other places on the body
Left image courtesy of CDC, Source: Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center. Right image courtesy of CDC, Source: CDC / NCHSTP / Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides.
Image courtesy of the CDC.
Image courtesy of the CDC. 28

29. Symptoms of Late Stage [SYPHILIS]
Paralysis
Blindness
Impotency
Insanity
Aneurysm
Tumor on skin or internal organs 29

30. How Common is It? [SYPHILIS]
Each year, there are 70,000 new cases each year in the U.S.
Statistic from Planned Parenthood. 30

31. Deep Breaths People 31

32. HPV Human Papillomo Virus32

33. The Facts [HPV]
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the name for a group of over 100 different viruses
About 30 of these HPVs cause STIs
Some HPV STIs cause Genital Warts, others do not have visible symptoms
HPV infections have no known cure, and they can stay in the body for life 33

34. Through vaginal, anal and oral sex.
How is It Spread? [HPV]
Through vaginal, anal and oral sex. 34

35. Symptoms: Genital Warts [HPV]
Vaginal warts
2-3 weeks after infection, warts appear on the penis, vagina, or anus--depending on the area of sexual contact
Possible itching, bleeding, burning, or pain along warts
Image courtesy of CDC, Source: CDC / NCHSTP / Division of STD, STD Clinical Slides.
Image courtesy of the CDC. 35

36. Symptoms: Genital Warts [HPV]
Penile warts
Image courtesy of CDC, Source: Cincinnati STD / HIV Prevention Training Center.
Image courtesy of the CDC. 36

37. Symptoms: Genital Warts [HPV]
Warts on the thigh
Image courtesy of CDC, Source: Cincinnati STD / HIV Prevention Training Center.
Image courtesy of the CDC. 37

38. Symptoms: Genital Warts [HPV]
Perianal warts - Situated or affecting the anus
Image courtesy of CDC, Source: Cincinnati STD / HIV Prevention Training Center.
Image courtesy of the CDC. 38

39. Symptoms Affecting the Cervix [HPV]
Instead of causing genital warts, some strains of HPV affect the cervix at such a small level that women often do not know they have it
These strains of HPV can cause cervical lesions, and may cause cervical cancer 39

40. How Common is It? [HPV] Over 20 million Americans are infected
5.5 million new people get HPV each year
First statistic from Kaiser: Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the U.S. (June 2003), second statistic
From CDC: Tracking the Hidden Epidemics—Trends in STDs in the U.S. (2000). 40

41. Now look at this fish. Relax, and look at the fish. Seriously.41

42. HERPES 42

43. The Facts [HERPES]
There are two types of the Herpes simplex virus: HSV-1 and HSV-2
HSV-1 causes oral infections like cold sores
HSV-2 causes genital infections
Herpes symptoms can be treated, but the virus has no known cure and can stay in the body for life 43

44. How is It Spread? [HERPES]
Through vaginal, anal and oral sex, as well as intimate touching. 44

45. Symptoms [HERPES]
Painful sores on the vagina, penis, mouth, anus, or the eyes
Sores can last from 4-21 days
Herpes is MOST contagious during an outbreak of sores, but the virus can still be passed from person to person when no sores are present 45

46. Symptoms [HERPES] Vaginal herpes sores
Left image courtesy of CDC, Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Right image courtesy of CDC, Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Image courtesy of the CDC.
Image courtesy of the CDC. 46

47. Symptoms [HERPES] Penile herpes sores
Left image courtesy of CDC, Source: Cincinnati STD / HIV Prevention Training Center. Right image courtesy of CDC, Source: Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center.
Image courtesy of the CDC.
Image courtesy of the CDC. 47

50. How Common is It? [HERPES]
More than 1 in 5 Americans--45 million people--are infected with genital herpes
National statistic from CDC: Tracking the Hidden Epidemics—Trends in STDs in the U.S. (2000).
Statewide statistic from Washington State Department of Health report on Notifiable Conditions. 50

51. Ahhhhh. Lets look at something soothing (again)51

52. PUBIC LICE 52

53. The Facts [PUBIC LICE] Also called “crabs”
Pubic lice are parasitic insects found in the genital area, living on pubic hair
After hatching, lice feed on human blood
Infestation can be treated with a medical shampoo 53

54. How is It Spread? [PUBIC LICE]
Intimate and sexual contact
Contact with infected bedding, clothing, or furniture--but remember--lice can’t live for more than 1-2 days away from a human body 54

55. Symptoms [PUBIC LICE]
Itching in the genital area or anus--depending on the area of contact--begins about 5 days after infestation
May be able to see eggs, or crawling grayish-white lice 55

56. Symptoms [PUBIC LICE]
Image courtesy of the Seattle STD / HIV Prevention Training Center at the University of Washington, Source: UW HSCER Slide Bank. 56

57. Whew. Not much more after this adorable monkey and bunny57

58. HEPATITIS B 58

59. The Facts [HEPATITIS B]
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) attacks the liver and can cause extreme illness and even death
While 90-95% of people who are infected will recover, 5-10% will be “carriers” of the virus for life
Hepatitis B infection can be prevented with a vaccine
Statistic from Planned Parenthood. 59

60. How is It Spread? [HEPATITIS B]
Through body fluids including semen, saliva, blood and urine.
This means that in addition to sharing contaminated needles, Hepatitis B can be passed from person to person during intimate and sexual contact, vaginal, anal, and oral sex. 60

61. Symptoms [HEPATITIS B]
Extreme fatigue, headache, fever, hives
Lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting
Later symptoms: abdominal pain, dark urine, and yellowing of the skin and the white of eye 61

62. How Common is It? [HEPATITIS B]
About 5% of Americans have been infected with HBV--with 200,000 infections occurring each year
An estimated 417,000 people are currently living with chronic HBV
5,000-6,000 people die each year from Hepatitis B-related liver disease
Statistics from CDC: Tracking the Hidden Epidemics—Trends in STDs in the U.S. (2000). 62

63. HIV 63

64. The Facts [HIV]
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the immune system, and causes AIDS
Symptoms may not appear for up to 10 years
While there are medicines to help manage HIV infection, there is no known cure and no vaccine for HIV/AIDS 64

65. How is HIV Spread? [HIV]
Through blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk.
This means that HIV is spread by sharing contaminated needles, from mother to child, vaginal and anal sex, and less commonly through oral sex. 65

66. How is HIV Spread? Cont’d
People who already have an STI are more likely to contract HIV:
Women with Chlamydia are 3-5 times more likely to contract HIV if exposed
People with Syphilitic sores are 2-5 times more likely to contract HIV if exposed
Gonorrhea and Herpes may also make it easier to contract HIV
Statistics from CDC: Tracking the Hidden Epidemics—Trends in STDs in the U.S. (2000). 66

67. Symptoms [HIV]
There may be no symptoms for 10 years, or more--many people who are HIV+ do not know they are infected. 67

68. The last stage of HIV disease is AIDS, which is deadly for everyone.
Symptoms
When symptoms do occur, they may include:
Unexplained weight loss, diarrhea, lack of appetite, fatigue, persistent fevers, dry cough, headaches, mental disorders, a thick, whitish coating on the tongue or mouth, and purplish growths on the skin.
The last stage of HIV disease is AIDS, which is deadly for everyone. 68

69. How Common is It? [HIV]
Almost 1 million Americans are living with HIV/AIDS--over 30,000 are aged 13-24
Every year, 20,000 people under the age of 25 are infected with HIV--and one of them dies every day.
Total number of Americans living with HIV/AIDS taken from Kaiser Family Foundation’s HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet (March 2004). Estimation of number infected ages taken from CDC Fact Sheet: Young People at Risk: HIV/AIDS Among America’s Youth. Number of newly reported infections for youth under age 25 taken from Kaiser Family Foundation: HIV/AIDS Policy Fact Sheet (March 2004). “one dies every day,” taken from Children’s Defense Fund: Moments in America for Children (March 2002). 69

70. REMEMBER:
At least 1 in 4 North Americans will contract an STI at some point in their lives
The only 100% safe way to avoid STIs/STDs is to abstain from sex
“1 in 4” statistic from American Social Health Association. 70

71. To Sum It Up