1. Rural-Urban Migration Developed World Case Study; Dublin

2. Urban Areas l World becoming more urbanised l Mega cities(10 million inhabitants) mainly in developing world l Eg; Sao Paulo, Brazil. Mumbai & Kolkata, India.

3. Results of Rural to Urban Migration l Urban Sprawl l Developing world; Shanty towns l Traffic Congestion l Unbalanced economic growth l Dormitory towns l Pressure on services

4. Dublin l High rate of urban sprawl; surrounding counties, eg; Kildare, Meath, Wicklow, Wexford. l Valuable farmland developed. l Traffic problems l Not enough school places l Doctors patient lists increased

5. Reasons for Growth l Centre of Govt; civil service jobs l Main port; employment l Financial services centre l Education services

7. Main Problems l Urban Sprawl l House Prices l Traffic Congestion l Services under pressure in dormitory towns

9. Urban Sprawl l Dispersed city l Hotels, shopping centres, business parks on edge of city l Eg; Park West, Liffey Valley, Blanchardstown l New Roads(M50) l High levels of car ownership

11. House Prices l Greater demand pushes up prices l Higher prices closest to CBD l On average houses in Dublin cost about 100,000 euro more than elsewhere in the country

12. Traffic Congestion l Commuter traffic l Under-developed public transport system

13. Traffic

14. Services under pressure l Dormitory/Commuter Towns l Eg; Balbriggan, Leixlip, Gorey l Rapidly expanding population l Not planned l Education/ Health services over subscribed l Waste Disposal/ Sewerage services difficult to provide

15. Solutions to the problems of Rural to Urban Migration l National Spatial Strategy balance development increase growth in other areas of the country, (gateways & hubs) people living and working locally will mean the need for housing,etc in Dublin will be reduced.

17. Solutions... l Investment in Transport Infrastructure Transport 21 Developing transport services across the country Make rural areas more accessible and encourage economic development

18. Solutions... l New Towns 1960’s; Tallaght, Blanchardstown, Lucan. 2004; Adamstown Infrastructure (train station, bus services) & Services provided Retail, Commercial & Leisure Space

21. Adamstown (2004) 10,000 homes (bungalows, apartments, town- houses) Infrastructure (train station, bus services) Services (3 primary schools, a secondary school, creches,fire station, public parks) Retail, Commercial & Leisure Space