1. Dermatological Conditions
Chapter 12
Pathology

2. Trauma to the Skin Blisters Burns Calluses Chafing
Hot spots, friction, bulla, improper clothing
Tx – drain if necessary, donut, topical antibiotic
Burns
What is difference in the severity of grades
Who is at risk, interaction of some medications
Calluses
Proper foot care
What is the cause?
Chafing
Brought on by sweating, improper clothing; thighs, axilla, jogger’s nipples

3. Dermatitis/Eczema Dermatitis Eczema Usual symptoms
Brought on by dry skin, excessive bathing, low humidity
Eczema
Skin inflammation
Usual symptoms
Dry, flakey, itchy skin

4. Contact Dermatitis Brought on by an allergic reaction
Poison ivy, sumac, soap, clothing
S/S - redness, blistering, itchy Tx
Topical/oral corticosteroids
Oral meds – antihistamines, diphenhydramine

5. Atopic Dermatitis Most common form of eczema Chronic disease
Genetic disorder of skin sensitivity to many sources
S/S
Papules, vesicles, scaly lesions
Extreme itching can lead to secondary infection Tx
Corticosteroids for itching
Antibiotics for infection
Aveno* soap, no dyes, natural material for clothing

6. Chronic Eczema – Acute Stage
Large papules (possibly erupting)
Hypo/hyperpigmentation
Typical areas effected
Children – Extensor surfaces
front of knees/back of elbows
Adults – Flexural surfaces
Back of knees/front of elbows
Exacerbations – allergies & stress
Secondary Issues – staph infection

7. Ways to Prevent & Tx of Dermatitis
Simple Rules
Treat the itch and avoid the irritant
Corticosteroids, Benadryl/Sudafed(careful of sedation)
Treat infection with proper meds
Water/lanolin based lotion
Avoid harsh soaps/perfume/cosmetics
Avoid “hot” showers
Wool clothing, control sweating

8. Infections Bacterial Infections Staph Strep Pseudomonas
Impetigo – staph infection
Bacterial Infections
Enter through a break in the epidermis
Staph
Strep
Pseudomonas

9. Strep Infections Erysipelas -Invasion of deeper tissue
Folliculitis – infected hair follicule
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Form of folliculitis contracted from whirlpools, hot tubs
Red papules

10. Staph Infections - Boils (furuncle)
Exhibit drainage & pus
Highly infectious
Difficult to distinguish from strep unless culture taken
Transmitted skin-to-skin
Tx topical or oral antibiotics

11. Boils - treatment Invasion of deeper tissue
Carbuncle – multiple furuncles
Transmitted with towels/clothing Tx
Moist compress
Donut
Ickthamol ointment
Pull out to release core, NEVER squeeze

12. Acne Mechanica Common adolescent illness
Occurs when sebaceous glands become clogged
No cure, but can be controlled with meds
topical or systemic meds available

13. Fungal Infections Common in athletics:
warm, dark, moist environments
worsened with restrictive clothing/equipment (chafing)
Classes=tinea & yeast
Symptoms:
small patches of red, scaly, inflamed areas
smooth (not elevated)
severe itching

14. Tinea Infections (fungal)
Spreads easily
Difficult to treat because of re-infection
Symptoms improve with change in environment
Often treatment >1 month
Tx 2wks after sy’s resolve
Symptoms:
extreme itching
red, scaling, inflamed lesions (fissures)
yellowish drainage possible

15. Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s foot)
Most frequent tinea infection
May accompany yeast infections
1%-3% of people are carriers
Rare in prepubertal children

16. Tinea Cruris Jock itch often originates at feet
may affect men or women
aggravated by tight clothes
spreads easily
linens, towels, etc must be changed daily

17. Tinea Corporis Gladiatorum
Tinea of the body
“Ringworm”
Affects humans & animals
Circular pruritic patches--well defined with raised borders
Common in wrestling

18. Yeast Infections - Tinea Versicolor
“sun spots”
Most apparent after sun exposure (does not tan)
Common in trunk, upper arms/legs, neck
not contagious
Resembles freckles
May be asymptomatic or mildly pruritic
Tx: selenium sulfide shampoo or oral antibiotics

19. Parasites - Scabies Extremely contagious (mite)
Similar to eczema – but no history of disease
Kwell soap/shampoo
Wash towels/sheets daily

20. Head Lice Very common in children Contagious
Don’t confuse with dandruff

21. Viral Infections – Herpes Simplex
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
Viral Infections – Herpes Simplex
Cold sore, fever blister
Common around lips/face
Many OTC meds
Contagious
Lives in nerves, never goes away

22. Verruca vulgaris - Warts
Found on Face, hands, feet (plantar warts)
Many methods to destroy
Often return