1. The Reformation

2. Topic: The Reformation
Aim: How did Martin Luther change the Catholic Religion forever?
Agenda:
1. Answering questions on page 24-25
2. Notes on page 27 and 28
Summarizing on page 26
Henry VIII Handout

3. Martin Luther
Martin Luthe,r by Lucas Cranach the Elder; source:

5. Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII

6. The Reformation
Define reform: a significant change in society. What did people want to reform during this time? The Roman Catholic Church

7. Problems in the Church
Corruption
Political Conflicts

8. A. Causes of the Reformation
During the Renaissance, many people became concerned about the wealth and power of the Catholic Church
Many people felt the Church was falling away from the teachings of the Bible
Due to the invention of the Printing Press, people began to read the Bible for themselves.
Political rulers were tired of sending money to the Vatican in Rome and were looking for some way to keep the money/power for themselves.

9. Corruption
The Church raised money through practices like simony and selling indulgences.
Woodcut of the pope selling indulgences, from Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist. Source:
Plenary indulgence; inscription on the left transept of the Basilica of St. John Lateran, Rome. © Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons. Source:

10. Political Conflict KINGS AND QUEENS POPES
King Philip IV of France (ruled 1285 – 1314); source:
Pope Urban VI (reigned 1378 – 1389); source:

11. B. Martin Luther: He was a German Monk
He was upset over the selling of indulgences for the forgiveness of sins. (The Pope was raising money to build the St. Peter’s Basilica.)
In 1517, he nailed his 95 Theses (a list of complaints against the Catholic Church) to the door of the Wittenberg Church
He translated the New Testament into German and encouraged people to read and interpret it.

12. His ideas spread through the use of the Printing Press.
The Pope declared him a heretic and excommunicated him (kicked him out of the church)
His ideas developed into the religion called: Lutheran

13. Luther Looks for Reforms
Luther criticized Church practices, like selling indulgences.
He wanted to begin a discussion within the Church about the true path to salvation.
He nailed his Ninety-Five Theses, or arguments, to the door of Wittenberg cathedral for all to see.
Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses; source:

14. Protestant Teaching: Justification by Faith Alone
The Bible is the only source of truth.
People can read and understand the Bible themselves.
Salvation comes only through faith in Christ.
Luther’s Bible; source:
Luther’s Bible

15. Excommunication
Pope Leo X demanded that Luther recant 41 of his Ninety-Five Theses.
Luther was brought before the Diet of Worms.
In January 1521, Luther was excommunicated from the Church.
Luther before the Diet of Worms; source:

16. The Printing Press
Luther’s ideas spread quickly with the help of the printing press.
Luther’s supporters distributed copies of his speeches and essays far and wide.
Millions of people sided with Luther against the Roman Catholic Church.
Printing press; source:

17. Lutheranism
Luther’s followers disagreed with many of the teachings of the Catholic Church.
They rejected the authority of Church councils and the pope.
Reading the Bible was the only way to learn how to lead a good life.
Luther translated
the Bible into
German
Luther’s Bible; source:

18. The Reformation spread to other countries.
France and Switzerland:
John Calvin preached the idea of “predestination” and that some people had been chosen by God for salvation.
England:
King Henry VIII refused to recognize the Roman Catholic Church and started a new church, the Church of England.
John Calvin; engraving by René Boyvin; source:
Henry VIII (ruled 1509 – 1547) by Hans Holbein the Younger; source:

19. C. Results of the Reformation
Formation of New Christian Religions
Religions that denied the universal authority of the pope and rested as the source of truth called Protestants.
In Switzerland, John Calvin established a church that would later become the Presbyterian and Congregational Churches.
He encouraged hard work: “Predestination” a person was predestined for salvation based on hard work.
He felt people should read and understand the Bible for themselves.

20. In England, Henry VIII broke from Catholic Church and the pope.
He divorced his wife to marry a woman he hoped would bear him a male heir.
The pope excommunicated him
Supported by his people, he created a national religion Church of England with the English monarch as the head.

21. Henry the VIII
Put on page 29
Divorced
Beheaded
Died
Survived

22. C. Results of the Reformation
Now What?
Do your workpage on 26
Use the Henry VIII handout, to fill in the graphic organizer about him. This will be graded.
B. Martin Luther
C. Results of the Reformation