1. Mail Server Fitri Setyorini

2. Content SMTP POP3 How mail server works IMAP

3. Electronic Mail: Overview Three major components: user agents, mail servers, SMTP User Agent –a.k.a. “mail reader” –composing, editing, reading mail messages –e.g., Eudora, Outlook, elm, Netscape Messenger Mail Servers –mailbox contains incoming messages for user –message queue of outgoing (to be sent) mail messages –use SMTP protocol between mail servers to send email messages client: sending mail server “server”: receiving mail server gmail? user mailbox outgoing message queue mail server user agent user agent user agent mail server user agent user agent mail server user agent SMTP

4. uses TCP to reliably transfer email message from client to server, port 25 direct transfer: sending server to receiving server three phases of transfer –handshaking (greeting)‏ –transfer of messages –closure command/response interaction –commands: ASCII text –response: status code and phrase messages must be in 7-bit ASCII

6. Electronic Mail: a common scenario 1) Alice uses UA to compose message and “to” bob@someschool.edu 2) Alice’s UA sends message to her mail server; message placed in message queue 3) Client side of SMTP opens TCP connection with Bob’s mail server 4) SMTP client sends Alice’s message over the TCP connection 5) Bob’s mail server places the message in Bob’s mailbox 6) Bob invokes his user agent to read message user agent mail server mail server user agent 1 2 3 4 5 6

7. Electronic Mail: more on SMTP SMTP uses persistent connections SMTP requires message (header & body) to be in 7- bit ASCII SMTP server uses CRLF.CRLF to determine end of message

8. Electronic Mail: message format SMTP: protocol for exchanging email messages RFC 822: standard for text message format: header lines, e.g., –To: –Date: –From: –Subject: –Message-ID: different from SMTP commands! Read $MAIL body –the “message”, ASCII characters only header body blank line

9. Electronic Mail: MIME (multipurpose Intnet mail extensions)‏ MIME: multimedia mail extension, RFC 2045, 2056 additional lines in msg header declare MIME content type From: alice@crepes.fr To: bob@hamburger.edu Subject: Picture of yummy crepe. MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/jpeg base64 encoded data....................................base64 encoded data multimedia data type, subtype, parameter declaration method used to encode data MIME version encoded data

10. Electronic Mail: MIME types Content-Type: type/subtype; parameters Text example subtypes: plain, html Image example subtypes: jpeg, gif Audio example subtypes: basic (8-bit mu-law encoded), 32kadpcm (32 kbps coding)‏ Video example subtypes: mpeg, quicktime Application other data that must be processed by reader before “viewable” example subtypes: msword, octet- stream

11. Electronic Mail: mail access protocols SMTP: delivery/storage to receiver’s server, “push” Mail access protocol: retrieval from server, “pull” –POP: Post Office Protocol [RFC 1939] authorization (agent server) and download –IMAP: Internet Mail Access Protocol [RFC 1730] more features (more complex)‏ manipulation of stored msgs on server Originally designed more for connected operation –HTTP: Hotmail, Yahoo! Mail, WebMail user agent sender’s mail server user agent SMTP access protocol receiver’s mail server

12. POP (Post Office Protocol)‏ POP is used to retrieve mail for a single user, typically the POP server has access from database email messages created by an SMTP server. POPv1 is launched on October 1984. It was published in RFC 918. POPv3 is the recently standard POP use port 110

14. How POP3 Works The server host starts the POP3 service by listening on TCP port 110. A client establishes a TCP connection with the server host. When the connection is established the server sends a greeting. The client and the server exchange commands and responses until the connection is closed or aborted. The server can respond with a positive status sending "+OK" to the client or with a negative status sending "- ERR" to the client (both in uppercase).

15. Authorization state In this state, the client sends identification to the server. This is implemented in two ways (More information on authentication is described in RFC 1734): - Using USER and PASS commands - Using APOP command Transaction state In this state, the client can issue commands for listing, retrieving, and deleting. Please note that the deleting action is not taken in this state. The client must send the QUIT command and then the server goes to the update state. Update state In this state, the server updates the mailbox according to the commands received from the client in the transaction state and the TCP connection ends. If the connection is broken for any reason before the quit command is received from the client, the server does not enter the update state.Thus, the server will not update anything.

16. Difference between POP3 and IMAP POP3 works by reviewing the inbox on the mail server, and downloading the new messages to your computer. IMAP downloads the headers of the new messages on the server, then retrieves the message you want to read when you click on it. When using POP3, your mail is stored on your PC. When using IMAP, the mail is stored on the mail server. Unless you copy a message to a "Local Folder" the messages are never copied to your PC.

17. Konfigurasi Postfix pada main.cf myhostname = mail.jerapah.com mydomain = jerapah.com myorigin = $myhostname inet_interfaces = all