1. AFRICA -CHINA FORUM “BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLGY APPLICATION IN AFRICA” Chris Muyunda, PhD EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN, AADICON TSSA Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania, July 28, 2012.

2. CONTENTS OVERALL CONSTRAINTS TO AFRICAN AGRICULTURE OVERALL CONSTRAINTS TO AFRICAN AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY CONSTRAINTS TECHNOLOGY CONSTRAINTS IMPACT OF POOR TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IMPACT OF POOR TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTIONS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTIONS REASONS FOR POOR ADOPTIONS REASONS FOR POOR ADOPTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE ADOPTION RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE ADOPTION

3. AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR CONSTRAINTS TECHNOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS MARKET RELATED CONSTRAINTS POLICY RELATED CONSTRAINTS Low Productivity

4. TECHNONLOGICAL CHALLENGES/CONSTRAINTS:  Over-dependence on rain-fed agriculture, with the distinct exception of Egypt, Mauritius and Sudan  Low agricultural input use, organic/in- organic (about 75% of farmlands severely nutrient mined)  Inappropriate production techniques  Pests and diseases  Overall Result: LOW PRODUCTIVITY

5. 5 IMPACT POOR TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: 2005, Crop Yields (MT/ha) – ESA vs. GlobalCropESAGLOBAL Maize1.394.47 Rice1.123.84 Wheat1.382.66 Sorghum0.671.30 Millet0.470.82 Potatoes7.4616.45 Sweet Potatoes 4.2913.49 Cassava8.1810.76 Beans0.600.70 Groundnuts0.621.35 Sugar Cane 4.1165.29 Bananas4.6915.25

6. PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IS FALLING PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IS FALLING

7. NET RESULT OF STATUS QUO: EPICENTRE OF HUNGER

8. TECHNOLOGY GENERATION AND PROMOTION INSTITUTIONS NARS NARS RARC RARC FARA FARA IITF IITF CG CENTRES CG CENTRES PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR

9. TYPES OF TECHNOLOGIES GENERATED NRM: FERTS, ORGANIC FARMING, MINIMUM TILLAGE, NRM: FERTS, ORGANIC FARMING, MINIMUM TILLAGE, STAPLES: IMPROVED SEED, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, DISEASE AND PEST CONTROL TECHNIQUES STAPLES: IMPROVED SEED, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, DISEASE AND PEST CONTROL TECHNIQUES HIGH VALUE CROPS: IMPROVED SEEDS HIGH VALUE CROPS: IMPROVED SEEDS LIVESTOCK: IMPROVED BREEDING METHODS FOR LIVESTOCK, AI, ET, FF LIVESTOCK: IMPROVED BREEDING METHODS FOR LIVESTOCK, AI, ET, FF FOR EXAMPLE, NEW VARIETIES OF CROPS = 8,000

10. TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION RATES Dairy – Less than 20% Dairy – Less than 20% Staples – About 40% Staples – About 40% Vegetables – Less than 20% Vegetables – Less than 20% NRM techniques – Less than 20% NRM techniques – Less than 20%

11. REASONS FOR POOR ADOPTION HIGH COST OF TECHNOLOGY HIGH COST OF TECHNOLOGY LACK OF AWARENESS LACK OF AWARENESS LOW PROFITABILITY/LACK OF MARKETS LOW PROFITABILITY/LACK OF MARKETS GENDER IMBALANCES GENDER IMBALANCES CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE POOR PACKAGING POOR PACKAGING WRONG TARGETING WRONG TARGETING LACK OF SUPPORTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE LACK OF SUPPORTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE

12. STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS TO BRIDGE THE GAP IMPROVE PERFORMANCE/TARGETING IMPROVE PERFORMANCE/TARGETING IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF DELIVERY MECHANISMS IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF DELIVERY MECHANISMS PRIORITIZE NRM TECHNOLOGIES PRIORITIZE NRM TECHNOLOGIES STREGHTHEN GENDER MAINSTREAMING STREGHTHEN GENDER MAINSTREAMING STRENGTHEN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES STRENGTHEN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES EXPAND COMMERCIALIZATION AND ENTERPRISE EXPAND COMMERCIALIZATION AND ENTERPRISE ENSURE SUPPORTIVE POLICY ENVIRONMENT ENSURE SUPPORTIVE POLICY ENVIRONMENT EMBRACE PPPs EMBRACE PPPs ESTABLISH TASK FORCE FOR TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION ESTABLISH TASK FORCE FOR TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION

13. Bibliography FAOSTAT FAOSTAT ASARECA 11 th BOARD MEETING PROCEEDINGS ASARECA 11 th BOARD MEETING PROCEEDINGS AADICON BIOTECH MAURITIUS LIBRARY AADICON BIOTECH MAURITIUS LIBRARY CAADP PP reports CAADP PP reports

14. THANK YOU THANK YOU