1. Ancient Greece

2. Who were the Greeks?
Early Civilizations
Minoans
Myceneans

3. Minoans
BCE
Remains of Minoan civilization found on the island of Crete

4. Minoans Sea trade First navy
Traded with Greek mainland, Western Asia, Egypt, and Mesopotamia
Olive oil, wine, jewelry, weapons

5. Palace of Knossos

6. Mycenaeans Conquered Crete around 1450 BCE Aggressive war-like people
Sea traders, pirate

7. Geography Rugged Mountains Surrounded by Mediterranean Sea/Aegean Sea
Coastlines and harbors
Numerous islands

8. Advantages Harbors allowed for trading and easier transportation
Mountains provide protection

9. Disadvantages Not enough rain to produce grain crops Rocky soil
Isolation from each other = poor communication

10. City-states (POLIS)
Geography of Greece prevented them from building an empire
Divide into city-states

11. Polis Mountains and sea cut off Greek centers of population
City-states or polis are formed

12. Polis
Each share a common
Language
Religion

13. Polis But they have different forms of government
Monarchy: rule by a king
Aristocracy: rule by nobles or landholders
Tyranny: rule by leader who rules outside the law
Oligarchy: rule by few
Democracy: rule by the people

14. Polis Each initially ruled by Kings Kings lose power to Aristocrats
Disputes between common men and aristocrats arise (over land and crops)

15. Polis Common men want a voice in politics
Aristocrats lose out to tyrants, oligarchies and democracies

16. 9/10 Bell Ringer
Why isn’t Greece united as a single empire? What would be necessary to make Greece a single empire?

17. Trojan War Legend of the Trojan War
Around 1200 BCE the Myceneans destroyed Troy in Western Asia Minor
Mythology says it was fought over a Greek kings wife
In reality-all about trade and money

18. The Iliad Written by Homer Epic poem
Set during and after the Trojan War

19. The Odyssey Written by Homer Epic poem
Journey home of Odysseus (Mycenaean King) after battle of Troy

20. Mycenaeans Invaded and conquered by Dorians- 1000 BCE
Power fades, people abandon cities
Dark ages

21. While we are reading answer these questions
What is the main idea of this passage?
Where is it taking place?
What kind of challenges does Odysseus face while on his journey?
What is the importance of this passage and how does it relate to today history?

22. 9/11 Bell Ringer
What were some of the differences between Athens and Sparta that you noticed in the video clip we watched yesterday?

23. City-States
Two leading City-States in Ancient Greece
Sparta
Athens

24. Athens Descendants of Myceneans
507 BCE Athenians allowed all free men citizenship

25. Athens Democracy (Direct) All citizens could belong to the Assembly
Assembly passed laws and acted as the Supreme Court

26. Sparta Create a complete military society Men were often away at war
Women had to run family’s estate
More rights for women
Citizenship inherited by blood
Causes problems because of the helot population

27. Sparta Government Oligarchy- ruled by 2 hereditary kings
Separate group of leaders to decide on criminal and civil cases

28. Persian War Persian empire vs. Greeks
Persians concur Ionian Greeks, Ionian revolts with support of other city states
Darius I of Persia invades mainland Greece

29. Persian War
Sparta wants out before others- they feel the goals of war have been accomplished
Delian league
Formed after the first Persian War
Alliance between Greek city states in case of future invasions

30. Delian League Under the leadership of Athens
Other city states thinks Athens takes advantage of power, leads to future problems
Sparta is not a part of the Delian League

31. Get out your notes and something to write with.
9/12 Bell Ringer
Get out your notes and something to write with.

32. Battle of Marathon Greeks v. Persians Greeks are victorious
Boosts their confidence
Greek messenger, Pheisdippides, runs to Athens to spread news

33. Battle of Thermopylae Greeks v. Persians Greeks were outnumbered
Spartans guard mountain pass at Thermopylae
Gave people time to flee
Spartans are defeated

34. Peloponnesian War Athens v. Sparta Sparta leads repeated invasions
Delian League v. Peloponnesian League
Sparta leads repeated invasions
Makes deal with Persians
Athens primarily uses its Navy

35. Peloponnesian War Sparta is victorious Athens is basically destroyed
Disease and starvation in Athens
Athens is basically destroyed
Neither city-state makes full recovery

36. Socrates Was a sophist Rejected the idea of democracy Socratic method
Questioned everything
Wanted to help others seek truth and self- knowledge

37. Socrates
Put on trial for “refusing to recognize the gods recognized by the state” and “corrupting the youth”
Found guilty
Sentence was death

38. Plato Student of Socrates Distrusted democracy Wrote many novels
Many were about Socrates
The Republic outlined Plato’s idea for an ideal society
Wanted a ruler that was good to the people (Philosopher King)
In general, men > women

39. Aristotle Student of Plato Analyzed all forms of gov’t
Favored rule by single leader
Suspicious of democracy
Believed in moderation “golden mean”

40. Art & Architecture P. 132-133 (yellow spine)
Read “Idealism in Architecture and Art” and the infographic
Write a paragraph about how you see Greek art and architecture in your everyday life

41. Hellenistic (“Greek-like”) Period
Period during and after rule of Alexander
Greek ideas and culture spread throughout the empire

42. Sculptors and buildings
Sculptors of the classical age were considered to work in harmony
Developed fresh notion of human beauty
The most famous example of this is the Acropolis in Athens
still visible to this day
Symbol of classical achievement

43. The Golden Age (Hellenistic Period)
After the Persian wars, Greece enters a time of prosperity and stability
Greek culture and art reach new heights

44. The Golden Age (Hellenistic Period)
Greek culture spreads to other areas
Trade
Colonization

45. The Golden Age (Hellenistic Period)
Many new thinkers emerge
Pythagoras
Everything could be explained between numbers and the relationships between them
Hippocrates
Taught that disease comes from natural causes, NOT gods

46. The Golden Age (Hellenistic Period)
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle

47. The Golden Age (Hellenistic Period)
Alexander the Great
King of Greece by age 20
Conquered Persia and Indus River Valley
Died at the age of 33

48. Alexander the great Father was king Phillip of Macedonian
Phillip would expend the empire further by attacking other Greece and Persia nations.
Phillip was assassinated under mysterious circumstances in 336 BC

49. Alexander the Great Would spread the Greek ideals throughout Asia
Would keep fighting against the Persians, and finish the fight that his father Phillip started.
Final battle was at the battle of Gaugamela
Alexander would die in 326 BC of the flu
Fought using new weapons/ tactics
Elephants and Spartan tactics

50. Alexander’s Kingdom United

51. Alexandria

52. Legacy of Alexander the Great
Spread Greek Hellenistic ideals throughout Asia and North Africa
United much of the known world
Created a massive amount of new trade (silk road)
Started the exchange of ideas between east and west