1. Quality, Quality Control Lee Buddress, Ph,D., C.P.M. Robert G. Gleason Professor and Director Supply and Logistics Program Portland State University

2. Control Charts  Processes Have Natural Variation  Fundamental Question:  Natural Variation or Process Change?  That is what Statistical Process Control is All About  Key Assumptions:  Sample is RANDOMLY selected  Defects are randomly distributed throughout the lot  Cautionary Note: Works Best for High Volume, Repetitive Tasks

3. Sampling  For Defects (What is Quality of Lot?)  For Conformance to Specification (No More Than X% Defective)

4. Control Chart Types  Attribute Charts (things counted)  P-chart: Proportion Defective  C-chart: Number of Defects  Focus is on PRODUCT output  Variable Charts  X-chart: Sample Means  R-chart: Range Means  Focus in on PROCESS, itself

5. Control Chart Exercise

6. Control Chart Problem Indicators  One Data Point Outside Control Limit  Two Data Points in Zone Three  Five Consecutive Data Points on One Side of the Mean  Trend - Five Successive Points in a Trend  Erratic Behavior  Sudden Change in Behavior

7. Check Sheet

8. Pareto Analysis  A Prioritization Tool  Law of Diminishing Returns

9. 5 ‘M’s (+)  Ishikawa Diagrams (Fishbone)  Man  Machine  Method  Materials  Maintenance  Environment

10. Why-Why  Goal is to Get Past Symptoms to Underlying Cause  Ask Why Until No Further Useful Information is Forthcoming

11. Quality and Supply Chains  Customer Requirements  Specifications  Supplier Selection  Process Capability  Quality Evaluation  First Article Inspection  Defect Detection  Defect Prevention

12. Quality and Supply Chains  Supplier Certification  ISO 9000  Incoming Receiving  Legal Requirements for Inspection  Latent Defects  Learning Curves

13. Total Quality Management  TQM Principles  Know/Understand Customers and Requirements  Satisfy/Delight Customers  Continuous Improvement Elements of TQM  Process Identification  Process Mapping  Process Simplification  Process Controls  Track - Monitor  Continuous Improvement

14. Standardization  Internal  Processes  Materials  Equipment  External  Industry Standards (Materials)  Industrial Standardization (SAE)  Multi-Industry (ANSI, ASTM)  International (ISO, Metrics)

15. Standardization  Industry Standards  Company Standardization  Impacts on Inventory  Impacts on Purchasing  Impacts on Maintenance and Repair  Impacts on Quality  Implementation

16. Standardization & Quality  Quality and Multiple Sourcing  Standardization = Known Characteristics  Supplier Certification  Why is it so important to get it right the first time?  Manufacturing  All Other Processes

19. Questions, Comments, Observations, Conclusions, Arguments?