2.   Greenhouse Range- Two or more greenhouses side by side  Attached Greenhouse- Connected to building, floral shop, garden center, office, home, ect.  Attached Even-span, window mounted, lean-to  Freestanding- Separate from other buildings  Even-span, uneven –span, Quonset, Gothic arch  Connected Greenhouse- Does not include sidewalls within structures  Gutter-connected, dutch, barrel vault, sawtooth Identify the different types of greenhouses and their arrangements

3.   Attached:  Less construction material  Can be used to head and cool homes  Attached Even-span  More available space  Free standing:  Maximum sunlight available for plants  Allow regulation of many different types of plant environments Match the greenhouse structures with their advantages.

4.   Freestanding  Even-span  Allows more freedom of space/ Movement and equipment  Connected:  Less construction material  Less land needed  Heat conservation due to less exposure  Workers and equipment can move through buildings Match the greenhouse structures with their advantages Cont.

5.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse  Frame  Pressure –treated wood  Aluminum  Galvanized steel  Note: Glass green houses require more structural support that polyethylene  Foundation  Continuous concrete bed upon which greenhouse is built  Water and electrical lines are place

6.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Concrete Footings  Non-continuous supports located below the frost line (cannot be affected by frost heaves).  Take the place of foundation  Spaced at intervals according to placement of support anchor posts  Sidewalls  Between the footings and supports  Holding greenhouse covering in place

7.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Common components of greenhouses:  Ridge – Top of greenhouse; runs the length of the house  Anchor support posts – Provides structural support  Trusses – Adds structural support  Consists of rafters, chords, and struts  Purlins – run the length of the greenhouse, bolted to each truss and adds structural support  Ventilators – attached to the sides or ridge of the greenhouse these open to allow ventilation

8.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Greenhouse covering  Glass  Provides excellent light transmission  Long lasting  Double strength, grade B weight used for greenhouse except in cold areas  Expensive installation and heating  Requires good structural support of aluminum or steel

9.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Greenhouse covering  Polyethylene  Inexpensive installation  Low heating cost  Short-lived  UV inhibitors increase its life span  Produces condensation which increases wet plant foliage and disease possibilities  Light reduction compared to glass

10.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Greenhouse covering  Corrugated Fiberglass – Reinforced Plastic  Low in cost  Ease of installation  Tensile strength  Longer lifespan  Good light penetration  Can degrade over time from ultraviolet damage, dust & pollutants  Flammable and may increase insurance costs

11.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Greenhouse covering  Acrylic  Light weight  Ease of installation  Good lighting transmission  Long lifespan  Flammable

12.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Greenhouse covering  Polycarbonate  Lightweight  Ease of installation  Good heat insulation  Good light transmission  Available in clear, corrugated single layer panels  Good replacement of corrugated fiberglass  Flammable

13.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Interior & exterior design  Drives should be wide for trucks  Shipping and receiving doors should be accommodating to and from the drive  Parking for customers and employees  Location of offices should be easy to access from shipping area

14.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Benches and Beds  In-ground beds- used for fresh florals  Raised benches- used for potted plants  Floor- used for potted plants. Surface is gravel for percolation and weed control  Three styles of concrete in-ground benches:  Longitudinal- runs length of greenhouse, used for in-ground beds  Cross-benches- runs the width, aisles run along sidewalls & between benches  Peninsular- Benches extend to sidewalls, aisles run down the center and between benches

15.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Benches and Beds  Four types of raised benches  Wood bench fabric  Bench top consisting of wood connected by wire, rolled out over a bench frame, good for growing in large pots or flats  Welded  14 gauge wire coated with plastic, with mesh of 1-2 inches, good for a variety of plants  Prefabricated plastic  Vinyl by the square foot, can be customized to fit the bench, good for growing large pots or flats  Movable (floating aisle)  14 gauge galvanized wire on frames, mounted of steel rollers, rollers allow the bench to be movable to the right or left, this creates a need for only one aisle in the greenhouse.

16.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Shading  Fabric  Black polypropylene pulled over the greenhouse to reduce light intensity and temperature, comes in a range of shades  Compound  Liquid compounds applied to glass or polyethylene covered greenhouse to reduce light intensity.

17.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Aisles and walks  3-4 feet wide  Concrete or gravel, depending upon the amount of use

18.   Night Temp: 55-65 0 F (min 40 - max 85 0 F)  Max. Day Temp: 10-15 degrees higher  Consider:  Fuel Available  Size of Greenhouse  Operational Cost  Covering & # of Layers  Site of Greenhouse: Wind  Requires Min. Maintenance / Auto Operation Heating

19.   Locate Thermostat at plant height w/ shade over top to avoid false readings  Vented Heaters: Down drafts caused by chimney not high enough to clear ridge of g.h. (at least 2’) open doors & vents can cause draft  HEATING SAFETY MARGIN:  Rule of thumb: for est. heat loss 1.2 BTU per hour for each degree of temp differential per sqft of exposed surface

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21.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Heating  Unit heaters- Can be fired by natural gas, propane, fuel oil, coal or wood. Electricity is not recommended.

22.   Attached Structures: Extension of Home Heating System  Hot Water: Extend Pipes into Greenhouse  Hot Air: Add Ducts and Thermostats  Open Door and Fan Blow in House Heat  Free Standing Structures:  Space Heaters w/ Electric Fans  Low Cost for Small Greenhouse  Force Hot Air Heaters  Heater w/ air circulation system & chimney  PLASTIC PUNCHED TUBE  HORTIZONTAL AIR FLOW FANS Types of Heating

23.   Hot Water or Steam Heat Piped in Greenhouse  More popular heating w/hot water in localized benches  Electric Heaters  Overhead heating + Soil heating cables  provides a localized plant environment which allows plants to thrive when surrounding air is lower than normal  Solar Heating  Use of black painted drums filled w/water to absorb heat & release it back into the environment

24.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Cooling  Fan and Pad  Exhaust fan draws air through moist cellulose pad, air is cooled through evaporation, for dry air conditions  Fog Evaporative  Fog is generated within the greenhouse, heat is absorbed by the water droplets and evaporated, cooling the greenhouse environment, use in propagation houses.

25.   Ventilation & Circulation System  Roll up screens of wood  Lath available w/pulleys: decrease radiation 50%  Shade Cloth  uniform shade, exact degree of shade, light wt. & easy to install  Paint - On Shades: glass & polycarbornate  mix w/ water and spray on  remove w/ hot water & soap & brush Cooling the Greenhouse

26.   Vinyl-Plastic Shading:  Rolls 55-65% shade apply by washing area & smoothing plastic on area  Fan & Pad: Evaporative Cooling  Moves air through a wet pad and it takes 1000 BTUs of heat to change 1lb of water to vapor = reduction of air temperature  Cooling capacity depends on the outside humidity  Equipment Needed:  PADSPUMPPVC PIPE  WATER TANK (1 GAL/ FT LENGTH OF PAD)  VENT

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28.   MIST COOLING  SPRAY TINY WATER DROPLETS INTO AIR  REQUIRES MANY MIST HEADS OPERATED AT HIGH PRESSURE  PROBLEMS:  IF MIST CARRIES ANY MINERALS DEPOSITS CAN BE LEFT & DAMAGE FOLIAGE, WET FOLIAGE INCREASE DISEASE PROBLEMS

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30.  Describe the internal structures and equipment of a greenhouse cont.  Ventilation  Natural  Air exchange is fostered through open ridge and side venting, under thermostat control. Not advised for winter cooling.  Fan tube  Fans bring in cool air which is mixed with the warm air and distributed through holes in plastic tubing that runs the length of the greenhouse.

31.   VERY IMPORTANT FOR AIR MOVEMENT  PLANTS GROW BETTER WHEN AIR IS CONTINUOUSLY CIRCULATING  COOLS & WARMS LEAF SURFACE PROVIDING UNIFORM TEMP.  REMOVES WARM MOIST AIR & REPLACES W/ DRIER AIR (DECREASE DISEASE)  DECREASE THE INSIDE TEMP DURING SUNNY DAYS  SUPPLIES CARBON DIOXIDE TO PLANTS Ventilation

32.   Need:  Ridge Vents: remove hot air at highest pt of greenhouse  Side Vents : side of the house to provide desirable air currents  Hand Operated Roof Vents  Automatic Ventilation System  Control by thermostat  Exhaust Fans: need to be large enough to have complete air exchange in 60 seconds Types of Ventilation

33.  Ridge Vents

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35.   Ridge Vent  Exhaust Fan (1, 2 speed for small houses)  Vents in back of Greenhouse  Air Circulation: Poly Tube or Air Flow Fans  Horizontal Air Flow Fans:  Fans should operate continuously to push air horizontally on one side of house & in opposite direction on other side of house  Position Fans at least 12” from the Roof Ventilation Equipment

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37.  Horizontal Air Flow Fans