1. Clauses Look at your Grammar Flow Chart
Every Subject/Verb Pair creates a CLAUSE
There are TWO kinds of Clauses
Independent
Dependent
What do those words mean? What do you think these types of clauses will be?

2. Clauses Independent clauses: Dependent clauses:
Clauses that CAN stand alone (complete thought)
Can be a sentence by itself
Dependent clauses:
Clauses that CANNOT stand alone (incomplete thought)

3. Independent Clauses Independent clauses make sense all by themselves.
Independent clauses can be a sentence by themselves.
For example:
John and Mary are going to Florida.
My school is on Northfield road.
I hope I don’t get a cold this winter.
Independent clauses make sense all by themselves.

4. Dependent Clauses Dependent clauses cannot stand by themselves.
They still have a subject and verb, but they need some more information to be complete (they leave you feeling like you are missing something)
They will always start with a subordinate conjunction

5. Subordinate Conjunctions
Do you know what the word subordinate means?
Subordinate Conjunction Examples:
While I was at the store,
Because she studied for the test,
As he was walking down the street,
When I left class,
Although I like chocolate,
These clauses leave you hanging! They are DEPENDENT on needing the rest of the sentence.

6. Practice Identify S/V Pairs and then,
Tell whether the following are independent clauses or dependent clauses:
The electricity went out last night
Because the winds were so strong
While Mrs. Smith was making dinner
He was helping in the kitchen