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Mission and Organization of the USN & USNR
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Learning Objectives The student will know:
The operational and administrative chains of command within the DOD The missions of the USN and USNR The importance of the nuclear triad, the nuclear chain of command, and the basics of naval nuclear weapons safety and security
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Learning Objectives The organization and importance of the Navy Reserve as a component of mobilization readiness The role the Navy Reserve plays in the total force concept The role of the active forces in the training of the Navy Reserve The importance of channeling personnel serving with or under the leadership into the Navy Reserve should they decide to leave active service
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Learning Objectives The student will know:
The role the Navy Reserve plays in the total force concept The role of the active forces in the training of the Navy Reserve The importance of channeling personnel serving with or under the leadership into the Navy Reserve should they decide to leave active service Comprehend the missions of the Navy
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USN Present Status Approximately 325,250 Active Duty Officers: 54,500
Enlisted: 266,250 MIDN: 4,500 Deployable Battle Force Ships: 291 Currently Deployed: 102 (35%) Underway for Local Ops/Training: 47 (16%) Carriers Underway: CVN 70 (Pacific) CVN 73 (West Pacific) CVN 77 (5th Fleet) Operational Aircraft: 3700+ Submarines: 60 (4 SSGN, 14 SSBN, 42 SSN)
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Department of the Navy US Navy born on October 13, 1775 Mission
Guided by the Joint Maritime Strategy combines the efforts of USN, USMC, USCG Think of it as our corporate mission statement Organize, train, equip, prepare, and maintain readiness of the Navy and Marine Corps Support Navy and Marine forces when assigned to unified commands
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Joint Maritime Strategy
Security Maritime forces are the first line of defense with the ability to deploy quickly and reach difficult locations Stability 70% of the world is water 80% of the world’s population lives on or near the coastline 90% of the world’s commerce sails across it Sea Power Unifying force and common denominator that enables global security, stability, and prosperity Preventing wars is an important as… Collective security Trust and cooperation cannot be surged Stability – Any disruption in that chain caused by instability has a direct impact on American quality of life Winning Wars!!!
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DON Composition Navy Department SECNAV CNO
Commandant of the Marine Corps Operating forces Shore establishments not directly involved in supporting the fleet (Recruiting Command, NROTC) Ships, aircraft, submarines, Marines, and direct-support bases involved in operations.
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Secretary of the Navy Civilian head of the Navy appointed by the President Must be at least 5 years removed from active military service Made subordinate to the Secretary of Defense after the amendments made to the National Security Act of 1947 Assistant Secretaries head offices of: Legislative affairs Program appraisal Research and development Manpower Others
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Secretary of the Navy Honorable Ray Mabus
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Chief of Naval Operations
Senior military officer in the Navy Member of the JCS Principal advisor to SECNAV and the President In command of all administrative and training commands
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Chief of Naval Operations (CNO)
ADM Jonathan W. Greenert
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Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
MCPON (AW/NAC) Mike D. Stevens
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Unified Commands
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Fleet Areas of Responsibility
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Roles of the US Navy Projection of power from sea to land
Sea control and Maritime supremacy Strategic Deterrence Strategic Sealift Forward Naval Presence Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Response (HADR)
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Projection of Power Objectives Deliver and support troops ashore
Secure land from the enemy Destroy offensive capability of opponent Harassment / Intimidation Tactics Amphibious Assault Naval bombardment / Precision munitions Tactical air projection Deterrent patrol (SSBNs) Taking the fight to the enemy; sending national and naval power ashore AA-WWII, Korea, Grenada NB – Desert Storm, OEF, OIF Tactical-Vietnam, Libya, Arabian Gulf, Iraq
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Projection of Power Forces used: Marines Carrier Air Wings
Naval bombardment (CG/DDG) Cruise missiles (Tomahawks)
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Sea Control and Maritime Supremacy
Objectives Maintain use of the sea, while denying its use to the enemy Control SLOC’s (Sea Lines Of Communication) Ensure industrial supply lines remain open Reinforce/resupply military forces overseas Provide wartime economic/military supplies to allies Provide safety for naval forces projecting power ashore
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Sea Control and Maritime Supremacy
Tactics Sortie control “Bottle up” the enemy in port through blockade Choke point control Use geographic choke points to hinder enemy Open-area operations Seek out and neutralize enemy on the open ocean Local engagement Concentration of forces Sortie-Persian Gulf, Cuban Missile Crisis Choke-Suez Canal
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Sea Control and Maritime Security
Forces used: Carrier Air Wings Surface combatants (CG, DDG, FFG, LCS) Attack submarines (SSNs) Mines
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Strategic Deterrence Objectives Deter all-out attack on US or allies
Pose the threat of unacceptable losses to a potential aggressor contemplating less than all-out attack Maintain a stable international political environment Background Navy is responsible for one part of the nuclear triad US Strategic Command (STRATCOM) with B-1’s Land-based missiles (Minutemen III) Seagoing nuclear-powered Ohio-class SSBN’s With the end of the Cold War, SSBN’s are the primary mode of deterrence today.
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Strategic Deterrence Tactics Assured second strike
Trident missile - 4,000+ mile range. 24 per sub Submarine is a survivable and credible deterrent Controlled response Attack plans can be changed in case of partial attack. CVN, Tomahawk strike capability Deter rogue nations Maintain balance of power
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Strategic Sealift Objective
To deliver US (and allied) forces and sustaining supplies to any part of the world, whenever needed Tactics Prepositioning Surge Sustainment Prepo-Allows the US to place sustainment supplies near crisis areas for delivery to contingency forces Surge-Initial deployment of US-based equipment and supplies in support for a contingency Sustainment-Shipping that transports resupply cargos to stay abreast of force consumption rates and to build up theater reserve stock levels
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Forward Naval Presence
Objectives: To deter actions not in the interests of the United States or its allies To encourage actions that are in the interests of the United States or its allies
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Forward Naval Presence
Tactics Preventative deployments Provides forward presence Routine operations (MED, WESTPAC) Reactive deployments Response to crisis Iran, Beirut, Kuwait, Iraq
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Forward Naval Presence
Forces used Carrier Strike Groups One CVN Two CG Two DDG Two SSN One FFG One Supply ship
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Mission of the USNR Primary:
To deliver strategic depth and operational capability to the Navy, Marine Corps, and Joint Forces Secondary: Assist active force in accomplishing its peacetime mission as a by-product of training for mobilization
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Total Force Concept Includes all the resources available to perform national defense missions Budgetary constraints do not make it feasible to provide for an active force that is capable of handling all contingencies Training Must be meaningful and mobilization-enhancing Reserves are integral and vital portion of the total resources
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History of the USNR Revolution War was fought by citizen soldiers
March 1915 – Congress established a federal Naval Reserve 29 AUG 1916 – Navy Reserve Force formally organized First official USN reservists hunting enemy U-boats from the cockpit of biplanes Summer 1941 – Nearly all members of Navy Reserve were serving on Active Duty
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History of the USNR 1990s – More than 21,000 Reserve Sailors supported Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm Today – Reserve Sailors make up approximately 20% of the Navy Total Force
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USNR Present Status Approximately 107,500 reservists
Both officer and enlisted included About 60,000 paid Selective Reservists (SELRES) About 48,000 Individual Ready Reservists (IRR) About 3,500 Reserves currently mobilized Some warfighting capabilities Intra Theater Fleet Logistics Support (VR) Adversary Squadrons (VFC) Joint Logistics Over-the-Shore (JLOTS) Intelligence
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Manpower Categories Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, Retired Reserve
Provides a pool of trained Sailors ready to step in and serve whenever and wherever needed Consists of Selected Reserve (SELRES) Drilling Reservists Full-Time Support (FTS) personnel Individual Ready Reserve (IRR)
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Selected Reserve Drilling Reserve
Navy’s primary source of immediate manpower Typically fulfill traditional service commitment of one weekend per month and two weeks per year Approximately 52,000 drilling RC Sailors Full-Time Support Perform full-time Active Duty service to support the training and administration of the Navy Reserve program Career program and pay is the same as Active Duty members Approximately 10,000 FTS Sailors
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Individual Ready Reserve
Subject to full and partial mobilization Members are not required to train Consists of individuals who have had training or have previously served in an Active Duty component or in the Selected Reserve Approximately 47,000 Sailors
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Standby Reserve Personnel who maintain their affiliation without being in the Ready Reserve Designated as key civilian employees or who have temporary hardship or disability Not required to perform training or be part of units May be involuntarily mobilized for the duration of a war or emergency and for 6 months afterwards
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Retired Reserve Comprises all Reserve personnel who receive retired pay on the basis of active duty and/or reserve service Comprises all Reserve personnel who are otherwise eligible for retired pay but have not reached age 60
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USNR Structure Commissioned units
Composed of ships, squadrons, and Expeditionary Combat Commands These are complete units delivered to an operating force Augmentation units Over 2,500 units augment Active Navy commissioned units and operating staffs with trained personnel, permitting combat forces to operate at the highest level of readiness May also reinforce fleet and force support activities with trained personnel to provide surge capability
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USNR Administration Organization Chief of Navy Reserve (CNR)
Vice Admiral within the DON who is responsible for preparation, justification, and execution of the personnel, operation and maintenance, and construction budgets for the Navy Reserve
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USNR Administration Installations
122 Navy Operational Support Centers (NOSC) across the country Provide a readiness and training facility when not at their Fleet commands Perform mobilization process, community outreach, CACO duties, funeral honors, and provide for Humanitarian Assignments (HUMS) At least 1 NOSC in each state, Puerto Rico, and Guam 2 Navy Reserve Air Wings and 24 Navy Reserve squadrons comprising approximately 5% of all Navy aircraft
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USNR Leadership Support
Subordinates leaving Active Duty should be strongly encouraged to affiliate with the Selected Reserve in a drilling status They can continue their Navy career, and receive health care and retirement benefits, in addition to competitive part-time pay The Navy benefits by retaining trained Sailors
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