1. INFLUENZA VACCINE Health Promotion Project Lauren Studdard Auburn University MSN

2. THE NEED FOR VACCINATION  Influenza is associated with the most deaths from a vaccine-preventable disease.  Approximately 90% of influenza deaths occur in those over 65 years.  Influenza is highly contagious and can affect any population.  The flu vaccine is around 70% effective in preventing the flu!!!

3. THE NEED FOR EDUCATION  Because the flu is highly contagious and can affect any population, it is essential to promote education.  At Community Medical Arts Center in Tallassee, Al, we saw a need for patient education on influenza and the vaccine.  Common Myths and Misconceptions from Patients  Waiting until winter to get the vaccine.  “The flu shot might give me the flu”.  “Last time, it gave me the flu”.  “I don’t need the vaccine, because I have never had the flu before”.  Fear of side effects

4. MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS  Waiting until winter for vaccination may provide greater immunity later in the flu season.  May result in missed opportunities  Forgetting to return to the clinic  Exposure to the flu early in the season  Limited availability of vaccine later in the season  Getting the Flu from the Vaccine  According to the CDC, the flu vaccine cannot give individuals the flu.  The flu shot is composed of an inactivated virus and is not infective.  Flu-like symptoms that occur after vaccination may be due to exposure to the flu shortly before or after being vaccinated.  It takes 2 weeks before the vaccine is effective.

5. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT  Location: Community Medical Arts Center in Tallassee, Al  Flu shots were available beginning in October.  Providers should offer flu vaccinations during routine visits to avoid missed opportunities (Grohskopf et al., 2014)  Many patients were declining the vaccine due to myths and misconceptions.  Staff agreed that there was a need for education on influenza and the vaccine.  The clinic only offered the inactivated flu vaccine. “The flu shot”  For the purpose of this project and the clinic’s availability of only the inactivated vaccine, patient education pertained to the inactivated vaccine.

6. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT: BROCHURE  A brochure was created and distributed to 25 patients at their clinic visit.  These patients were in the Adult and Geriatric populations.  Research was performed on influenza and the inactivated vaccine prior to creating the brochure.  Relevant research on the 2014-2015 Flu Season and Inactivated Vaccine  Common misconceptions/myths  Also included in the brochure…  Definition of the flu  Mode of transmission  Reasons for vaccination  Flu symptoms  Vaccine risks and side effects  Contraindications

9. PROJECT DELIVERY  Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory  According to Orem, an individual’s health outcomes depend on his or her ability to read, comprehend, and communicate healthcare information. Communication between the provider and the patient is key to achieving positive outcomes (Wilson, Baker, Nordstrom, & Legwand, 2008).  With Orem’s theory in mind, the brochure was created to be easy to read and understood by those with lower literacy skills.  Brochures were not simply handed out, but education was given also.  Education on information in the brochure  Other forms of flu prevention  Frequent hand washing  Self-isolation when sick  Coughing/sneezing into arm sleeve instead of hands

10. EVALUATION  Out of 25 participants, 16 patients received the flu vaccine during their clinic visit.  9 patients refused.  Reasons for refusal  Previous allergic reaction  Flu-like symptoms  Arm pain/swelling  Fear of side effects

11. EVALUATION  All individuals were receptive to the teaching and seemed eager to learn.  Teach-back method was utilized.  All individuals were encouraged to educate their friends, family members, and co-workers on what they learned.  Individuals were stressed the importance of not only the flu vaccine, but the importance of health promotion, health prevention, and health education in the community.

12. REFERENCES  Campos-Outcalt, D. (2014). The 2014-2015 Influenza Season: What you need to know. Journal Of Family Practice, 63(9), 532-533. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.spot.lib.auburn.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=19c2bf61-1ccf- 4445-838d- 16410e80b4da%40sessionmgr113&hid=104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db =aph&AN=98176179  Grohskopf, L. A., Olsen, S. J., Sokolow, L. Z., Bresee, J. S., Cox, N. J., Broder, K. R., &... Walter, E. B. (2014). Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) -- United States, 2014-15 Influenza Season. MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 63(32), 691-697. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.spot.lib.auburn.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=fcafd02d-b3fb-4a6- a51b- 2622cec20171%40sessionmgr4004&hid=4210&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#d b=aph&AN=97536606  Key Facts About Seasonal Flu Vaccine. (2014). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm

13. REFERENCES  Seasonal Flu Shot. (2014). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/flushot.htm  Uphold, C., & Graham, M. (2013). Clinical guidelines in family practice (5th ed.). Gainesville, Fla.: Barmarrae Books.  Wilson, F. L., Baker, L. M., Nordstrom, C. K., & Legwand, C. (2008). Using the teach-back and Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory to increase childhood immunization communication among low-income mothers. Issues In Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 31(1), 7- 22. doi:10.1080/01460860701877142