1. JENNA WILLIAMS Canadians: They’re just like you and me!

2. Capitol: Ottowa

3. Languages & Religion of Canada Religion: Christian 74% Languages: English 58.8% French 21.6%

4. Niagara Falls Niagara Falls is one of the most famous and beautiful natural attractions in the world. The attraction offers underground tunnel walkways and lookout towers. It is considered the most powerful waterfall in North America.

5. Notre Dame Basilica Cathedral The Notre Dame Basilica is the oldest and largest cathedral is Ottowa. It was completed in 1846 and services are held in both French and English. It’s beauty and status as a National Historic Site has made it a popular tourist attraction.

6. Canadian Cuisine Traditional foods from Canada do not differ much from American cuisine. They do, however, tend to incorporate more cold-growing foods such as root vegetables and maple syrup. Maple syrup is a staple product in Canada. Pictured on the left, is Canadian Bacon with Maple Glaze. Up top, poutine is pictured. Poutine originated in Montreal as consists of french fries, gravy, and cheese curd.

7. Stereotypes The Canadian economy used to be predominately run by the lumber and fur trade. Because of this, Canadians are often associated with lumberjacks and outdoorsmen. French Canadians are very proud of their heritage. French Canadians are often portrayed as snobby or American-hating. Canada is know as a peaceful country. Comparably to Switzerland, Canada does not engage in a lot of conflict internationally.

8. Superstitions Much of the Canadian population originates from Native American decent and there are still many Inuits residing in Canada. Because of this history, there is still a longstanding tradition for the belief in Dream catchers Canadians celebrate Halloween just as Americans do. Children dress up in scary costumes and collect candy around their neighborhoods.

9. Greeting Gestures In Quebec, the French custom of kissing on the cheeks is quite common. Canada does not differ much from the American handshaking tradition.

10. Business: Body Language & Etiquette Canadians are more formal when it comes titles. They are more likely to use professional titles as well as first and last names. It is important to note, however, that not all Canadians are the same. Each province has different customs, habits, and loyalties. If you are doing business in Quebec, it is important to be prepared with French translations. As it is Quebec’s main spoken language. It is a form of respect.

11. Business: Relationship Building Much like America, networking is very important in Canada. Creating personal relationships on trust is a key component of a Candian’s business deal. Even though you may be a good networker, the merit of your deal is what really matters to a Canadian.

12. Business: Communication in Decision Making Anglophone  Non-French Canadian  Less likely to interrupt you  Uncomfortable with excessive praise  Tolerant  Do not offer strong opinions Francophone  French Canadian  More direct  Exuberant in speaking

13. Business: Power Structures in Decision Making Canadians keep to the western method of business practices. Like America, the hierarchal structure can fluctuate in order to adopt bold new ideas and better business practice. Americans may be surprised by the slow nature of Canadian business. Canadians use open discussion negotiation and tend to take their time in decision making.

14. Differences in Body Language The United States and Canada tend to have very similar body language. Besides the pecks on cheeks in Quebec, handshaking is a sign of respect in business climates. It is important to note, however, that not all Canadians are the same. Each province has different customs, habits, and loyalties.

15. Differences in Communication Styles Americans and Canadians are very similar in their communication styles in business. Both find it inappropriate to discuss politics and strong opinions. This can make a business deal go sour quick. When not in a business setting, however, Americans are much more likely to enter a debate. Canadians are widely regarded as being more friendly and open communicators. Canadians are uncomfortable by excessive praise. Avoid being arrogant.

16. Differences in Power Structures United States citizens may be surprised by the slow nature of Canadian business. Canadians use open discussion compromise and tend to take their time in choice making. America and Canada are both fairly transparent. Similar hierarchal structures of business.

17. Internet Traffic 90.9% ~ Internet Penetration Rate. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn

18. Individualism vs. Collectivism This dimension has to do with how importance is placed within a society. Individualism enforces reliance on one’s self and care about one’s self. Collectivism encourages greater concern with the group. Canada ranks very high in Individualism which I was not surprised by due to the fact that the Western world is like this. There is an understanding that one takes care of themselves and their families.

19. Large vs. Smaller Power Distance Power distance is all about the inequalities within a society. Large power distances hold significant inequalities while small power distances play down the importance of wealth and power. Canada ranks fairly medium at a 39. There is much value placed on egalitarianism there.

20. Strong vs. Weak Uncertainty Avoidance The level of uncertainly avoidance is all about how well people of the country deal with the unknowing. No one knows the future and cultures all handle that differently. Strong uncertainly avoidance means avoiding rick and uncertainty as much as possible. Conversely, weak uncertainty avoidance tend to avoid absolute truths. Canada scores a 48 at uncertainly accepting. Ambiguity clearly brings uncomfortableness to Canadians.

21. Masculinity vs. Femininity This dimension is all about power, roles, and competition. I want to be clear, I find this dimension to be horrendously sexist and should not be taught. According to the textbook, a low score constitutes femininity. This means standing out from the crowd is frowned upon and quality of life is success. A high score constitutes masculinity meaning wanting to do the best and independence. Canada ranks at 52, making it a moderately masculine society.

22. Individualism vs. Collectivism America and Canada are both fairly high when it comes to their individualism. America ranks higher in individualism. The business world of both also holds an understanding on self-reliance and self- determination. I observed that this was prevalent in the common phrase, “pick yourself up by the bootstraps.”

23. Large vs. Smaller Power Distance Once again, the U.S. and Canada rank very similarly. This time, they are one point off. While there are obvious gaps and wealth and power are important. The spectrums are not totally removed from one another. In business in Canada and America, managers and employers are easily accessible to one another.

24. Strong vs. Weak Uncertainty Avoidance America scores a 46 and Canada scores a 48. They are very similar in their fears to unknown situations. They have created superstitions and rituals to get through these. Canadians and Americans are accepting of new ideas and innovations. Canadians do tend to be less rules-driven than Americans, as well as be less emotionally expressive.

25. Masculinity vs. Femininity While Americans rank a bit higher than Canadians in masculinity, there is not a stark difference. Both societies value high standards of performance, achievement, success, and winning. Americans tend to put more focus on these values.

26. Current Events A current event in Canada is something called the Keystone Pipeline XL. It is a oil transportation pipeline that could bring Canada much revenue. The issue is that the U.S. oil boom has put the project on hold. Canada needs to American’s access to refineries in order to put the plan into action. Keystone Pipeline XL Due to this insane weather, Canada's infrastructure is severely failing. Travel times have heightened and they cannot keep up with the snowfall in the roads. In fact, Niagara Falls froze over this year!Canada's infrastructure

27. Citations Hofstede, G. (n.d.). Canada in comparison with United States. Retrieved March 22, 2015, from http://geert-hofstede.com/canada.html The Global Road Warrior. Canada: National Cuisine. Retrieved March 7, 2015, from http://www.globalroadwarrior.com.ccbcmd.idm.oclc.org/ContentInfo.asp?iso3ltr=CAN&nid=20.14&c id=27&next_nid=20.15&parent=Food%20and%20Recipes The Global Road Warrior. Canada: Stereotypes. Retrieved March 22, 2015, from http://www.globalroadwarrior.com.ccbcmd.idm.oclc.org/ContentInfo.asp?iso3ltr=CAN&nid=20.08& cid=27&next_nid=20.09&parent=Society%20and%20Culture The Global Road Warrior. Canada: Superstitions and Folklore. Retrieved March 7, 2015, from http://www.globalroadwarrior.com.ccbcmd.idm.oclc.org/ContentInfo.asp?iso3ltr=CAN&nid=20.34& cid=27&next_nid=20.35&parent=Society%20and%20Culture The Global Road Warrior. Canada: The Business Experience. Retrieved March 22, 2015, from http://www.globalroadwarrior.com.ccbcmd.idm.oclc.org/ContentInfo.asp?iso3ltr=CAN&nid=13.12&c id=27&next_nid=13.13&parent=Business%20Culture