1. COURSE CODE: NURS 104 COURSE TITLE : FUNDAMENTALS AND PERSPECTIVES OF NURSING PRACTICAL 1 DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF NURSING

2. COURSE OBJECTIVES After studying this sub-topic, the student nurse should be able to: Define nursing in his/her own words. Use the definition of nursing to deduce the scope and the core functions of a nurse. List the departments in a hospital and discuss their functions in relation to nursing List and explain the qualities needed to be a good nurse.

3. NURSING DEFINED What is nursing? Nursing is defined by NANDA ( ) as the diagnosis and treatment of human response to actual or potential health problems and life’s situations. Ura and Walsh (1973) stated that nursing is an encounter with a client and his family in which the nurse observes, supports, communicates, ministers and teaches.

4. NURSING DEFINED Virginia Henderson (1966) defined nursing as to “assist the individual sick or well in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery or to a peaceful death that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge” and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.

5. NURSING DEFINED According to Henderson’s definition, basic nursing care mean helping the patient to: Breath normally Eat and drink adequately Eliminate body waste Move and maintain desirable postures Sleep and rest Select suitable clothes-dress and undress Maintain body temperature within normal range

6. NURSING DEFINED Keep the body clean, well groomed and maintain the integument Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears or openions Worship according to faith Work and have sense of accomplishment Play or participate in various forms of recreation Learn, discover or satisfy curiosity that leads to normal development and health. (Henderson, 1966 pp.15-16)

7. NURSING DEFINED Nursing is also defined as an art and a science because: Its guiding principles and techniques are based on a broad background of the sciences; it is also evidence based-driven by scientific research. The skills needed for care must be developed and perfected through creativity/ innovation and regular practice. The art is embodied in the manner in which individual nurse’s practice. It is a product of personality and knowledge

8. NURSING DEFINED The physical sciences (physics, chemistry, biology etc.) helps the nurse to understand the physiology of the human body. The nurse draws on knowledge from the social sciences (Sociology, Psychology, Religious Study etc.) to understand the behaviour of people in health and illness. The medical sciences (pathology, physilogy, immunology, parasitology etc.) gives the nurse the background to understand disease processes and in planning care.

9. NURSING DEFINED Who then is a nurse? Paraphrased from the American Nurses’ Association’s (ANA) Model of Practice Act; a person who has a blend of intellectual attainment of attitude and skills based on the principles of science acquired by means of courses in a school of nursing affiliated with hospitals recognized for such purposes by the state and is licensed by the state.

10. NURSING DEFINED The Roles of the Nurse The nurse is a/an care provider Communicator Manager of client care Advocate Member of a profession

11. NURSING DEFINED Who the Qualifies to be a Nurse? (Qualities of a Good Nurse) Answer to be provided by students

12. Modes of Nursing Care Delivery Team nursing Functional nursing Total patient care Primary nursing