1. Readily Available Technology to Support Writing Tools for Struggling Writers

2. Literacy “Stages” Emergent Literacy (PreK-2 nd grade) We learn to read We learn to write Literacy (Grade 3-12) We read to learn We write to learn We write to communicate Compositional writing Emergent Literacy (PreK-2 nd grade) We learn to read We learn to write Literacy (Grade 3-12) We read to learn We write to learn We write to communicate Compositional writing

3. Major Concepts in Writing Text Generation Transforming thoughts into “text” (correct” structured language) as words, phrases, sentences) Text Transcription Producing visible text By hand or by keyboard Composing Producing “connected” writing for a purpose & audience Text Generation Transforming thoughts into “text” (correct” structured language) as words, phrases, sentences) Text Transcription Producing visible text By hand or by keyboard Composing Producing “connected” writing for a purpose & audience

5. Processes Involved in Writing Planning & Organization (Prewriting) Transcription (Drafting) Text generation & transcription Editing Improving mechanics/conventions (Proofreading) Revising Improving content & organization Planning & Organization (Prewriting) Transcription (Drafting) Text generation & transcription Editing Improving mechanics/conventions (Proofreading) Revising Improving content & organization

6. Drafting (Transcription) “Producing the Initial Composition”

7. When Drafting, Struggling Writers Tend to Spend too much time on producing legible handwriting and proper spelling Lose track of the ideas, logical sequences and details Produce papers that are unreadable and of poor quality Do not write what they can say Spend too much time on producing legible handwriting and proper spelling Lose track of the ideas, logical sequences and details Produce papers that are unreadable and of poor quality Do not write what they can say

8. Digital Tools for Transcription Portable keyboarding devices (PKD) Neo ($169) Neo w/TTS ($269) Fusion w/ TTS ($299) Portable keyboarding devices (PKD) Neo ($169) Neo w/TTS ($269) Fusion w/ TTS ($299)

9. Digital Tools for Transcription Word Processing Laptops ($350-500) Netbooks ($199-350) Tablet PCs (e.g. iPad – wifi only $400-600) Online Word Processing Google docs Zoho Writer Open Office Word Processing Laptops ($350-500) Netbooks ($199-350) Tablet PCs (e.g. iPad – wifi only $400-600) Online Word Processing Google docs Zoho Writer Open Office

10. Digital Tools for Transcription Word Processing + Word Prediction Co-Writer ($80 – 325) WordQ ($199 - 225) Word Processing + Speech Recognition WordQ+SpeakQ ($279) Dragon Dictate – Home Ed. ($99) Dragon Dictate – iPad App (free) Word Processing + Word Prediction Co-Writer ($80 – 325) WordQ ($199 - 225) Word Processing + Speech Recognition WordQ+SpeakQ ($279) Dragon Dictate – Home Ed. ($99) Dragon Dictate – iPad App (free)

11. Prewriting Planning & Organization

12. Technology for Prewriting can… Support the student in Determining the purpose or goal Identifying a topic and intended audience Generating ideas Organizing ideas Into text appropriate structures Support the student in Determining the purpose or goal Identifying a topic and intended audience Generating ideas Organizing ideas Into text appropriate structures

13. Digital Tools for P & O Outlining tools Word Processor Outlines Graphic (idea) organizer Inspiration / Kidspiration Outlining tools Word Processor Outlines Graphic (idea) organizer Inspiration / Kidspiration

14. Organizational Tool Review Content and procedural support Draft-Builder Writing Task Templates Procedural Support via Spoken Text Prompts Content and procedural support Draft-Builder Writing Task Templates Procedural Support via Spoken Text Prompts

15. Editing & Revising “Make it Better!”

16. Editing Tool Review Editing Tools Spell check w/ Speech Output Best used with spellchecking strategies Editing Tools Spell check w/ Speech Output Best used with spellchecking strategies

17. Revising Tool Supports Teacher Notes Electronic Mark-up Electronic Post-its Audio notes Text-to-Speech Screen Review Microsoft Narrator Macintosh Voice Over Add-ins, e.g., Natural Reader Windows XP, Windows Vista Teacher Notes Electronic Mark-up Electronic Post-its Audio notes Text-to-Speech Screen Review Microsoft Narrator Macintosh Voice Over Add-ins, e.g., Natural Reader Windows XP, Windows Vista