1. Cultures of Europe I Session 1 Welcome to Hungary! Hungary through the Arts

2. Nationalities in Hungary

3. The coronation insignia of Saint Stephen the foundation of the Hungarian state with the coronation of Stephen on 25 December 1000 or 1 January 1001

4. Romanesque architecture The Ják Abbey, built around 1220 o round arches o thick walls o tall pillars o small openings

5. The facade of the Ják Abbey o lush decoration o richly covered, decorated stripes

6. Gothic architecture o pointed arches and windows o tall pillars o thin columns o vaulted ceilings o colourful interior Interior of the second cathedral at Gyulafehérvár End of the 12th, middle of the 13th century Matthias Church, 13th century

7. o Gothic architecture: symbolic of the divine order o the spirit strives towards divinity

8. The Renaissance in Hungary The Court of King Matthias Corvinus o King Matthias (1458-1490), a patron of art o married Beatrice of Aragon  influence of the Italian Renaissance o Royal Palace in Buda  first appearance of Renaissance art in Hungary o marble statues and reliefs The Renaissance o new relation to classical antiquity → the ancient past, especially the times of the Greeks and Romans o discovery of perspective, new modes of depicting three- dimensional space o harmonious arrangement of shapes, careful study of proportion and stance o interest in mythology, pagan and secular themes o monumental works of art Laocoön and His Sons, early 1st century

9. Funeral Oration, 12th century The Royal Library of King Matthias Corvinus, Bibliotheca Corviniana  richly ornamented codeces Codex Marlianus, Bibliotheca Corviniana o the oldest unbroken Hungarian textual relic o the text of the prayer is fixed: it is the word by word translation of the Latin prayer o made for people, who did not speak Latin, but had basic theological knowledge

10. Renaissance architecture and painting in Hungary Painting: Portraiture o the art of portraiture became independent only gradually in Hungary o 17th century: depictions of high- ranking nobility o full figure portrait o frontal view o attributes of role and power Architecture in the Kingdom of Hungary: forts and fortified castles o emphasis on building new fortifications o regular ground plan of pentagonal bastions enclosed by four sides o new castles also fortified: bastions and towers at the corners o unornamented exteriors, low-built structures o quadrangular blocks enclosing courtyards Portrait of Kristóf Thurzó, 1611 Courtyard of the Nádasdy castle

11. Ottoman Turkish architecture in Hungary o mosques o djamis o mausoleums o bath houses Djami of Ghazi Kassim Pasha, 1550-1560 (Pécs) o century and a half long Turkish occupation o buildings had been erected o after the reconquest → mosques turned into Christian churches o the oriental features of the Ottoman Turkish buildings were re-established only in the 20th century o weapons and oriental carpets in the Turkish style remained in use without change in their original structures Interior of the djami Hassan Jakovali Pasha (Pécs)

12. References: Gábor Bellák et. al, A Thousand Years of Art in Hungary. Budapest: Corvina, 2012 Birth of literature, Funeral Oration and Prayer. Retrieved from http://mek.oszk.hu/01900/01955/html/index282.html Budapest Tourist Guide. Retrieved from http://www.budapest-tourist-guide.com/http://www.budapest-tourist-guide.com/ Study Art History. Retrieved from http://www.studyarthistory.com/http://www.studyarthistory.com/

13. Home assignment: Please, look up the following words in an English-language dictionary: Baroque Classicism Romanticism