1. Countering Poaching in Tanzania People & Wildlife, Ltd. Kyle Simon, Mahmut Guler, Rachel Coolican

2. 1.Analyses of the Poaching Problem 2.Review of Previous Policies 3.Policy Recommendations Agenda

3. Poaching In Tanzania ●Threat to Endangered Animal Populations ●Threat to the Tanzanian Economy ●National Security Implications http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/tz.htm

4. Anti-Poaching Measures Operation Uhai (Swahili for Life) ●Implementation ○Decisive Political Will ○Paramilitary Forces ○1989 Ivory Trade Ban ●Outcome ○Elephant Population in Selous Doubled in 10 yrs

5. Poaching Resurgence ●Half of Elephant population lost since 2007 ●25,000 Elephants killed between 2009 and 2013 http://www.nbcnews.com/id/46467599/ns/us_news-poaching?q=poaching

6. Operation Tokomeza ●Success ○Only 2 Elephants poached in 1 month instead of 30 per day from 1976 - 2009 ●Failures ○Operation suspended 1 month after implementation (Nov 2013) ○Exceeded Authority and Human Rights Violations

7. Resurgence since Tokomeza ●Requirements for Success: ○Political determination ○Public support ○Effective law enforcement with transparency and accountability.

8. Recommendations: Operation Walinzi Pori 1.Security Sector Reform 2.Strict Legal Measures 3.Location and Timing 4.Local Empowerment and Sustainability http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/files/2014/08/African-elephant- Tanzania.jpg

9. Security Sector Reform ●Counter-poaching is a highly militarized activity ○ To that end, the following is required...

10. Increased Professionalization of Security Forces ●Two Infantry Companies Recommended ●Pre-Pilot Training Required ○Small Unit Tactics ○Maneuver Under Fire ○Small Arms Familiarization ○First Aid ●Human Rights Awareness

11. Legislative Recommendations ●Increased Prison Terms for Violations ●Penalties for State-Employed Facilitators and Human Rights Violators ●No Diplomatic Privilege Recognized on exit of Tanzania

12. Location: Tarangire National Park ●Heavy Traffic ●Farmers, Tourists, Poachers, Elephants ●Predictable Migration ●Proximity to Arusha City and Kenyan Border

13. Pilot Implementation ●June - October ○ Seasonal Weather Conditions (Spring) ○ Migratory Patterns

14. Local Empowerment ●NGO Partnering ○ The Wildlife Conservation Society ● Protection of Migratory Corridors ○ The Wildlife Policy of Tanzania ● Wildlife Protection for Social Services ○ The African Wildlife Foundation ● Bomas ○ The Honeyguide Foundation ● Information Gathering and Local Partnerships

15. When to Destroy an Animal ●Farmers’ Livelihoods ●Local Authority Notification ●Seizure and Destruction of Ivory ○ Failure results in “poaching incident” label

16. Questions?