1. P.F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology 1 Low power HV supply with signal amplifier Base for a 10 dynodes HAMAMATSU PMT in single photon count mode P.F.Timmer Reference: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/5/12/C12049/ 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

2. P.F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology 2 PMT-base. Version-1  Low power  Low RFI  Low ripple  Adjustable HV  Small foot print Optical module Incl. Storey logic Version-3 28-01-2014 Amsterdam Requirements

3. P.F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology 3 E/O Diagram switch pre- amp comp th dac decoder photons 3V3 sphere logic switch 3V3 12V tim.,sc conversions lnln l n+1 osc.1 feed back hv dac HV i2c 12+19 PMT-base cpld Octopus CLB i2c PMT-module ID extra electr. LVDS pin BOB 2 analog.out 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

4. P.F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology 4 PMT proposed form factor <105 dimensions in mm PCB space 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

5. P.F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology 5 HV generation U hv kd1d1 d2d2 d9d9 d 10 a k d1d1 d2d2 d9d9 a U hv ~ CbCb CpCp Resistor base Cockroft Walton base +Low power -Fixed voltage ratio - High power -Temp. Sensitive - Volume 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

6. P.F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology 6 Simplified diagram of HAM_PROMiS2_V1 base Voltage ratio: total 13 steps 1 1 1 1 28-01-2014 Amsterdam 3 6 100n

7. P.F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology 7 HV actual wave forms K D1 D9 D10 I-fet 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

8. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Select components which can withstand the high voltage in the CW multiplier. Check dissipation of every component. Check distance on PCB between high voltage components. Determine on which side of the PCB which part of the circuit will be placed. Find a connector system which is sturdy enough. Design considerations 8 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

9. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Overview component specs. 9 28-01-2014 Amsterdam #RefdesValueAppliedMaximumActualMaximumActualMaximumPartActualMaximumpackagePart discription voltageratedreverse current Typepower voltage dissipation (V) (mA) (mW) 1 C14, C32, C37 100nF3,350 Ceramic Chip 603General purpose MLCC 0603 X7R 100nF E6 range 2 C34 1uF26,3Ceramic Chip 603General purpose MLCC 0603 X5R 1uF E3 range 3 C29, C30, C33, C39 10uF3,36,3Ceramic Chip 603General purpose MLCC 0603 X5R 10uF E3 range 4 C41 10pF3,325Ceramic Chip 402General purpose MLCC 0402 NP0 10pF E12 range 5 C36, C43 100nF3,36,3Ceramic Chip 402General purpose MLCC 0402 X5R 100nF E6 range 6 C38 220pF3,350Ceramic Chip 603General purpose MLCC 0603 NP0 220pF E12 range 7 C10, C12, C16, C28 47nF115200Ceramic Chip 805Middle voltage series 0805 X7R 47nF E12 range 8 C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 22nF115200Ceramic Chip 805Middle voltage series 0805 X7R 22nF E12 range C9, C11, C13, C15, C17 805Middle voltage series 0805 X7R 22nF E12 range 9 C20, C21, C22, C23, C24, C25, C26 100nF115200Ceramic Chip 1206Middle voltage series 1206 X7R 100nF E12 range C27, C31, C35, C40, C42, C44 1206Middle voltage series 1206 X7R 100nF E12 range 10 R5 0050 RM 0,000 63 603General purpose Rsmd 0603 0R E96 11 R2, R11 1.000350RM 0,100 63 603General purpose Rsmd 0603 1K E96 12 R13, R14 1.470.000250RM 0,003 63 603High value Rsmd 0603 1M47 E96 range 13 R12 10.000.000350RM 0,010 63 603High value Rsmd 0603 10M0 E96 range 14 R1 1,5050RM 0,200 63 603General purpose Rsmd 0603 1R5 E24 range 15 R4, R9 56050RM 0,000 63 603General purpose Rsmd 0603 56R E24 range 16 R3, R7, R8, R10 22.000075RM 0,000 63 603General purpose Rsmd 0603 22K E24 range 17 R15 3.000.000.00015002500 RM 0,750 2000 2512Precision High Value Chip Resistor 18 D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8 SWITCHING DIODE 90150 0.01250sot 223Dual, isolated high speed silicon switching diodes. Pin 2 and 5 removed for isolation D9, D10, D11, D12, D13, D14 SWITCHING DIODE 901500.01250sot 223Dual, isolated high speed silicon switching diodes. Pin 2 and 5 removed for isolation 19 U2 COCO 3,33,6 1,5250DFN8COCO V2, SMT, DFN-8+EP 20 U5PROMiS23,33,6 30250QFN16PROMIS V2, SMT, QFN-16+EP, UTAC 21T1PMF370XN3,330 65870 N-channel TrenchMOS extremely low level FET 22L8auto transformer EP7 EP7 Coil Assembly, designed for project 45300.13.02 23L1, L4inductor1210Chip Inductor, 22uH, 10%, SMT 24L3, L5, L6, L9bead 603FERRITE BEAD, 0603, 600 OHM 25J1Connector Tiger Eye Socket, SEM series. 2x5p with 2 non-symmetrical placed welding pins

10. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Limited space. High dv/dt in parts of the circuit. High voltage on PCB. Constraint editor is used. Very low signal amplification. For one photon 480 fC (PMT gain = 3E+6) DFM check of the PCB. Layout 10 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

11. P.F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Fit rate components number of componentsComponentFittotal Fit 1 COG capacitors22 36X74 capacitors4144 28Small signal Si diode7196 1Si small signal Transistors12 13Metal film, 1%791 1Op Amps, Comparators (COCO)130 1Complex, Instrumentation Amp (PROMiS2)200 1Transformers10 5Inductor1050 10Surface-mount solder joint (2/solder joint)220 10I/O connectors (1/contact)110 865 11 Reliability of components Tests evaluation Components @ 45 °C : 865 FIT Stress factors; Stationary use: 0.5 Temperature @ 20 °C: 0.18 Evaluated value: 200 FIT 28-01-2014 Amsterdam 22% 9% 15% 4% 9% 12% 20% 9% system management components design manufactering ware out induced no defects software

12. P.F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology 12 Specifications HV circuit, for 10 dynodes PMT Low ripple 706 mV 1170 8.5 < T(°C) < 22.1 0.07% 8.5 < T(°C) < 22.1 Voltage stable at 3 V < Vinput < 3.6 V Low total power Vinput 3.3 V 4,5 mW 1500V for HV generation 30 mW for PROMiS2 Low RFI dV/dt < 75 mV/µs, RFI -20 dB @ 150 kHz-10 MHz Adjustable HV cathode voltage -700 _ -1500 V Adjustable threshold for pulse width adjustment ~ 30nSec for one photon Small foot print PCB = 43 mmØ Reliability 200 FIT @ 20 °C, stationary use, after tests 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

13. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Validation tests chips ◦ Tests the PROMiS2 and COCO chips by a test house. ◦ (Functional, HTOL, HTSL, ESD ad Q&R tests.) PCB tests ◦ Storage; Tamb->30min-10 °C ->1h->60 °C ->1h->60 °C ->-10 °C ->30min->Tamb ◦ Temp. Shock; Tamb->Tamb+50 °C ->1h->Tamb+50 °C -> 0sec ->Tamb ◦ Influence oscillator frequency on PMT output Acceptance tests (meet specifications) ◦ Done with PMT base tester Cleaning + Drying ◦ Ultra sone Coating ◦ Polyurethane Test procedures 13 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

14. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology 14 Pr om is PROMIS o mi CoCo CW High Voltage circuit HV measurement unit 1 supply HV barrier HV measurement unit 14 supply HV barrier PMT base adapter Control Board PMT Tail Adapter Voltage Adjustment and Current measurement Test PROMIS outputs Safety system Electronics for charge injection PROMIS Test HV Control And I2C Digital value HV control Digital value of inter dynode voltages Digital value for charge adjust Digital value PROMIS outputs CoCo test frequentie and pulse width Digital values frequency and pulse width PMT base Discharge capacitors from CW high voltage circuit Test setup 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

15. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Check if supply current is in range. Check I2C communication. Check DACHV output of PROMiS2. Check switch output of COCO. Check pulse width of switch output of COCO. Check maximum frequency of COCO. Check if HV is coming up. All inter dynode voltages are measured separately. Check range of HVDAC output and HV output. (steps of 50V). Check if HV diodes and capacitors don’t leak. Check system with supply voltage variations from 3V – 3.6V. Check pulse width output of PROMiS2 when charge is injected. Comparator DAC will be set to give the right pulse width. Check analogue output of PROMiS2 when charge is injected. PMT functionality tests. 1521-05-2013 Amsterdam

16. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Mechanical overview of tester 16 PMT Base adapter set with contact pins PMT base to be tested Mother board HV measurement unit (Mezzanine) FPGA board with USB interface to PC 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

17. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology The test setup 17 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

18. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Control panel for test setup

19. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Start up wave forms of dynode connections 1921-05-2013 Amsterdam

20. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Discharge waveforms of dynode connections 2021-05-2013 Amsterdam

21. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology File with test results 2121-05-2013 Amsterdam Tester number:0 Timestamp:7-1-2014 14:24 Base Type:Hamamatsu Serial number PROMiS (x):0000AE Serial Number Base100012 Base Power VBase (V)IBase (mA) 3.2999.039 HV Test DACPROMiS (V)Pulse Freq Min (Hz)Pulse Freq Max (Hz)D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D10D11D12Total 0.0001.886490.453Inf54.28453.68853.92353.91753.48253.55653.76054.29753.62654.29054.59454.78955.085703.293 15.0001.930597.6961.871.39857.91657.44957.56857.61157.16757.24657.31057.96857.15957.85058.08158.26858.472750.064 31.0001.980727.5642.215.28162.00261.46961.58361.56461.10561.12661.24061.86260.97861.66461.85162.02962.300800.772 47.0002.028873.0122.504.25765.99165.48965.59765.58264.97965.00665.17165.88464.79765.47865.71465.82266.001851.512 63.0002.0791.032.8022.787.30170.04469.50969.55169.60068.98169.01369.10169.77968.68069.32469.51569.70869.828902.634 79.0002.1311.392.3123.076.82974.00173.46573.50473.61872.91972.89372.90573.67372.46773.10773.37973.47073.530952.929 95.0002.1781.665.8063.374.50277.95777.35577.45777.50676.76276.709 77.50476.25576.92177.14877.13777.2941.002.713 111.0002.2281.659.5033.735.52581.97881.44081.41081.45980.66880.65380.70381.46280.20180.86281.04381.05581.1841.054.118 127.0002.2771.899.4074.169.09985.99985.39585.36385.41284.67084.59684.69785.42084.08484.74084.93985.00485.0741.105.393 143.0002.3262.174.8594.578.12690.02089.35089.31689.43088.54588.54088.56489.37887.96688.61888.77188.82888.8381.156.165 159.0002.3772.522.5135.042.10293.97693.37193.26993.38392.48392.42092.43193.27291.78692.55992.60392.65292.6651.206.871 175.0002.4262.955.5205.563.59298.06297.32697.34697.33696.38996.30096.42597.16795.63796.43796.37396.53996.6181.257.954 191.0002.4733.470.6566.198.091102.018101.411101.176101.354100.423100.307100.419101.18999.615100.315100.362100.425100.3821.309.395 207.0002.5224.190.9396.949.753105.975105.301105.129105.242104.234104.187104.223105.211103.434104.129104.163104.186104.1461.359.560 223.0002.5725.007.7627.908.889109.866109.192109.020109.131108.108108.003108.026108.914107.221107.944107.932107.948107.9111.409.215 239.0002.6226.342.3609.171.788113.887113.147113.035113.084112.110111.947111.957112.872111.072111.949111.890111.834111.7381.460.521 255.0002.6757.730.36510.858.942117.908117.232116.988117.166115.985115.827115.888116.830114.955115.795115.722115.721115.6901.511.707 HV Test VBase Sweep VBase (V)PROMiS (V)Pulse Freq Min (Hz)Pulse Freq Max (Hz)D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D10D11D12Total 3.6002.6723.596.6053.851.783117.778116.973116.741116.907115.762115.763115.888116.766114.955116.081115.911115.972116.0041.511.500 3.4002.6723.992.6544.827.653117.843117.232116.927116.972115.921115.827115.888116.830114.987115.858115.911115.909115.9411.512.045 3.3002.6724.943.3985.869.234117.908117.232116.927117.166115.953115.827115.951116.958114.987115.826115.911115.909115.8161.512.370 3.2002.6726.018.2967.437.709117.908117.232116.927117.166115.985116.018115.951116.958114.987115.826115.911115.846115.7531.512.467 3.1002.6757.602.82810.046.213117.908117.232116.957117.166115.985116.018115.951116.958114.955115.826115.754115.721115.6901.512.121 3.0002.67210.161.56913.685.508117.908117.232116.988117.166115.985116.018115.951116.830114.955115.795115.722115.658115.5651.511.773 HV Test Discharge VBase (V)PROMiS (V)Pulse Freq Min (Hz)Pulse Freq Max (Hz)D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D10D11D12Total 2.8002.6729.231.90515.475.08567.25671.58475.01778.93283.90886.50488.37491.16691.02292.68793.545102.713102.8911.125.599 HV Test Max Frequency VBase (V)PROMiS (V)Pulse Freq Min (Hz)Pulse Freq Max (Hz)D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D10D11D12Total 3.3002.672760.53146.511.6290.7130.7460.6790.7450.7300.7630.7610.7660.7640.8580.8800.9400.94110.287 Analog Buffer VBase (V)IBase (mA) 3.29970.675 An Ch DACAnalog PROMiS (mV)TDC (nsec) 0.000278.3010.655 63.000907.43626.190 127.0001.412.33134.970 191.0001.750.69041.029 255.0001.909.29647.150 319.0002.012.38953.581 383.0002.089.04958.898 447.0002.147.20464.277 511.0002.196.10770.089 575.0002.231.79474.850 639.0002.266.15880.477 703.0002.291.27185.052 767.0002.316.38390.184 831.0002.337.53194.945 895.0002.354.71399.891 959.0002.369.252104.467 1.023.0002.379.826109.413

22. P.F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology 22 Where are we now?  Little update of PCB layout  Test setup is functional Acceptance test  Production PMT Tender  Assembling with PM Soldering? Cleaning, coating device Testing?  Where External? Internal? Institute? 28-01-2014 Amsterdam K Dy5 Dy4 Dy3 Dy2 Dy1 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 Dy10 P nc Anode Base for Hamamatsu PMT

23. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology 10 prototypes of the HAM_PROMiS2_V1 are produced, tested and functional. 80 bases for a pre series are produced. 72 are tested and functional. 8 bases are still in a panel. 72 bases are sent to Erlangen. 540 base arrived. The preparation for a tender of 15000 bases has started. Status of the bases. 2321-05-2013 Amsterdam

24. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Questions 24 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

25. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Temerature influence DAC value versus HV Tail protection against HV RoHS directive (thin whiskers) Hamamatsu tube with base Extra sheets 25 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

26. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Temperature influence (shock test) 26 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

27. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology Temperature influence 27 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

28. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology DAC value to HV value 28 DAC=HEX2DEC(dac)HV=3.0887*DAC+686.2 DAC=0.3238*HV-222.16 dac=DEC2HEX(DAC) 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

29. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology HV-protection 29 Protect HV from neighbour bases Protect neighbour tails from HV 28-01-2014 Amsterdam

30. P. F.Timmer Nikhef Amsterdam Electronics- Technology RoHS directive Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electronic equipment. Consequences; Higher solder temperatures (up to 260°C) Favorite solder: SnAgCu alloy (217°C) Chance for more excessive tin whisker growth Tin whiskers, length up to 10mm, diameter up to 10µm. Optimal growth at 50°C Ref: http://nepp.nasa.gov/whisker/background/index.htmhttp://nepp.nasa.gov/whisker/background/index.htm electrical short circuits debris, contamination, metal vapor arc, due to HV. Image Courtesy of T. Riccio (STPNOC) Conformal coating like Parylene C tends to buckle the whisker. 30 28-01-2014 Amsterdam