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Otto Wagner 1841-1918 “…in his theory and in his building [Wagner] remains the most innovative and influential architect in central Europe.” Expressionist.

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Presentation on theme: "Otto Wagner 1841-1918 “…in his theory and in his building [Wagner] remains the most innovative and influential architect in central Europe.” Expressionist."— Presentation transcript:

1 Otto Wagner “…in his theory and in his building [Wagner] remains the most innovative and influential architect in central Europe.” Expressionist painter Egon Schiele, 1912

2 The chronological context of Wagner’s architecture
Chronological context in Architecture - Modernism to Postmodernism - 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s First generation modernists Second generation modernists Third generation The pioneers of modernism. They each treated form, space, structure, materials and ornament in novel ways. These were the architects of ‘high modernism’- the universal International Style- as well as the fashionable Art Deco period. These were the architects of Postmodernism. They reacted against the orthodoxy of high modernism. Peter Behrens Berlin Walter Gropius Frank Gehry Auguste Perret Paris Le Corbusier Philip Johnson C. R. Mackintosh Glasgow Mies van der Rohe Charles Moore Otto Wagner Vienna Gerrit Reitveld I. M. Pei Adolf Loos Vienna William Van Allen Michael Greaves Louis Sullivan Chicago Napier Art Deco architects Louis Kahn Frank Lloyd Wright - Chicago and mid-western states of USA Robert Venturi

3 The context of his architecture
Geographical context: Otto Wagner was an Austrian designer and architect based in Vienna, Austria. Vienna

4 Context continued… Historical and Social contexts:
Otto Wagner was an important pioneer of the modern movement. His most significant buildings were constructed in the years between 1883 to 1912. He was the oldest (in 1900 he was nearly 60 years old), but one of the most influential pioneers of modern architecture. Wagner’s early buildings were designed in Classical Revival styles consistent with the Beaux Arts Classicism fashionable throughout Europe during the late 19th Century. Wagner’s Landerbank Building of (right) exemplifies this period of his career. In 1894 as a respected, successful and conservative architect he was appointed professor of the architecture school at the Viennese Academy of Fine Arts, but in 1899 he scandalised the architectural establishment when he helped form the Secessionists (the Art Nouveau movement in Vienna) with some of his most talented and radical students. Majolica House, 1899, (left) exemplifies the character of his work at this time of his career. The architecture school became popularly known as the Wagnerschule (Wagner School) and his teaching was profoundly influential on the development of the modern movement.

5 Context continued… Historical and Social contexts:
In 1896 he published Moderne Architektur in which he spoke of the need for architecture to orientate itself to modern life and to satisfy practical concerns ahead of aesthetic ones. Wagner taught that the creation of a ‘realistic’ building (i.e. a modern building) was not a matter of style (i.e. aesthetics), but rather of solving its design problems so as to meet the practical needs of its modern inhabitants. This primary concern for functionalism in architecture made the Wagnerschule unique throughout Europe at this time. A friend and supporter of the radical, fellow Viennese architect Adolf Loos, by 1903 Wagner had moved on from the Secessionist concern with Art Nouveau to a much more rational and industrial approach to design and construction. Wagner’s most significant building is the Royal and Imperial Post Office Savings Bank of 1906, (right) located just off the Ringstrasse, Vienna’s grand boulevard that showcases the splendour of Austria’s 19th century revivalist architecture.

6 Wagner’s most significant building.
The Royal and Imperial Post Office Savings Bank, Vienna, 1906

7 Context and innovation in Wagner’s Imperial Post Office Savings Bank, Vienna, 1903-06
Click here to view a 3-part documentary on this famous early modern building. Use this resource to research answers to the following questions: Context: How was Wagner’s architecture, before his ‘conversion’, typical of mainstream 19th Century academic design. Who were his patrons at this time? What is the Ringstrasse in Vienna? Why is it significant architecturally? Suggest TWO reasons why Wagner won the competition to build this building even though he had shocked the establishment with his conversion, late in his career, from a traditional, imperialist aesthetic to a much more rational, machine aesthetic. Innovation: How did Wagner manage to construct this prestigious monumental building so quickly and cheaply? What innovative design features of the eight-storey office areas enable these spaces to function well even today? What features of this building make it ‘hospital-like’? What material are the walls of the main courtyard of the Bank covered in, and why? Identify FOUR features of this building that are dressed in aluminum. Identify ONE advantage Wagner saw in using this material. .

8 Stylistic features of Wagner’s Imperial Post Office Savings Bank, Vienna, 1903-06
Click here to view a 3-part documentary on this famous early modern building. Use this resource to research answers to the following questions: List THREE materials that dress the underlying structure of the main façade. How is the smooth surface of the main façade decorated? What traditional decorative features are located on the main façade? Why do you think these were necessary? Of what materials are the stairwells of this building made? How are they functional? What architecturally significant structure occupies the main courtyard? List FIVE adjectives used to describe the style of the main banking hall. State one CONTEMPORARY and one HISTORICAL influence in Wagner’s design of the main banking hall. List FOUR industrial materials used to construct the main banking hall. What do the geometric motifs on the floors of the building indicate? How does Wagner’s Post Office achieve its elegance and formality? How does the German concept of ‘gesamtkunstwerk’ apply to this building? Write TWO comments about the furniture Wagner designed for this building. Write TWO comments about the colour schemes used in this building.

9 Stylistic features of the POSB Building
How many modernist tendencies can you identify in these images?

10 Wagner believed… “Works of art must always be …”
“Nothing can be beautiful if it is not functional.” “Architecture must stop imitating the styles of the past. It must become a true reflection of our time, expressing simplicity, a functional nature and… the military precision of modern life.” How does Wagner’s Royal and Imperial Post Office Savings Bank … … differ form the styles of the past? … reflect the age in which it was built? … express simplicity? … express its functional nature? … express the military precision of modern life?

11 Click here to link to the Wagner Museum website
in the Royal and Imperial Post Office Savings Bank. It has information about Wagner’s life; about the competition to design this Building; about Wagner’s furniture; about the new materials he used; and about the influential the Wagnerschule. See this 360˚ panorama of the main banking hall of the building. Winged female figure with laurel wreath. Akroteria in aluminum, 4.5m high, above main entrance façade of the Post Office.

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