1. April 8, 2014 Webinar: Botany 101 and Tricky Phenophases

2. Do you see…flowers or flower buds? Yes, Flowers or flower buds No, Open Flowers Yes, Flowers or flower buds Yes, Open flowers Yes, Flowers or flower buds No, Open flowers Photos: Ellen G Denny

3. Leaf bud? Flower bud? Photos: Ellen G Denny No, Flowers or flower buds No, Open Flowers Yes, Flowers or flower buds Yes, Open flowers Yes, Flowers or flower buds No, Open flowers

4. Do you see…open flowers?  Grass flowers are tiny and inconspicuous, and grouped into a spikelet  Spikelets are grouped into an inflorescence

5. Flowers and flower heads One or more fresh flower heads (inflorescences) are visible on the plant. Flower heads, which include many small flowers arranged in spikelets, emerge from inside the stem and gradually grow taller. Include flower heads with unopened or open flowers, but do not include heads whose flowers have all wilted or dried. Left Photo: Ohio State Weed Lab Archive, Ohio State University, Bugwood.org. Right photo: James Lindsey at Ecology of Commanster via Wikimedia Commons

6. Do you see…initial growth? Initial growth: New growth of the plant is visible after a period of no growth (winter or drought), either as new green shoots sprouting from nodes on existing stems, or new green shoots breaking through the soil surface. For each shoot, growth is considered "initial" until the first leaf has unfolded. Left Photo: Arizona Sonoran Desert Museum

7. Female conifer seed cones

8. Male conifer pollen cones

9. What is intensity? Less than 5% 95% or more 5-24%25-49% 50-74% 75-94% How many buds are breaking? Less than 3 3 to 10 11 to 100 101 to 1,000 1,001 to 10,000 More than 10,000 What percentage of the canopy is full with leaves? If you answer “Yes” or “Uncertain” to a phenophase – you may be asked an additional question about the degree to which the phenophase is expressed, for example:

10. How many flowers are present? Photo: Kroton via Wikimedia Commons Less than 3 3 to 10 11 to 100 101 to 1,000 1,001 to 10,000 More than 10,000

11. What percent of the canopy is full with leaves? Photo: Anette Schloss Start with a bare tree… no leaves

12. What percent of the canopy is full with leaves? Imagine it fully leafed out…

13. * Ignore dead branches in your estimate. Photo: Anette Schloss What percent of the canopy is full with leaves? Less than 5%

14. 5-24% What percent of the canopy is full with leaves? Photo: Anette Schloss

15. What percent of the canopy is full with leaves? 25-49%

16. What percent of the canopy is full with leaves? 50-74%

17. What percent of the canopy is full with leaves? Photo: Anette Schloss 75-94%

18. Photo: Anette Schloss What percent of the canopy is full with leaves? 95% or more

19. Leaves: 25-49% Colored leaves: 25-49% Leaves: 95% or more Colored leaves: No Photo: Anette Schloss Leaves: 95% or more Colored leaves: 75-94%

20. USA National Phenology Network Photo credit: LoriAnne Barnett