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Injuries http://utpo.lf1.cuni.cz firstaid.lf1@gmail.czfirstaid.lf1@gmail.cz (password: firstaid) jana.heczkova@ftn.cz Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theory and Practice of Nursing
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SHOCK Mechanism Heart Pump failure Blood vessels Pipe failure Blood Fluid loss Causes Bleeding Burns Head and spine injuries Chest, abdominal and pelvic injuries Heart attack Asthma Poisoning …
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SHOCK Mechanism Signs Initially: Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Pale, cold, clammy skin, lips and nail beds Sweating As shock develops: Grey-blue skin (cyanosis), especially inside the lips Weakness and dizziness Nausea and possibly vomiting Thirst Breathing is shallow Weak thready pulse As the brain‘s oxygen supply weakens: Altered mental status Restlessness and aggressiveness Gasping for air Unconsciousness
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SHOCK Mechanism Signs First aid interventions ABCDE Treat Cause Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss
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BLEEDING newborn baby 5 year 10 year 15 year adult Blood 700 1400 2000 3800 5000 volume (ml) 20% 140 280 400 760 1000
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BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Haemorrhage Arterial Venous Capillary
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BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure
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BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation
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BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage
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BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point
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BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point Tourniquet
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BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point Tourniquet Amputation
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BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss
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BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical
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BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical First degree Second degree Third degree Risk Severity
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BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical First degree (superficial) Second degree Third degree
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BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness)
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BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness)
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BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness) Risk Severity
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BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical Stop burning ABCDE Treat Cause Cooling Dressing Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss First Aid Interventions
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BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical ABCDE Treat Cause Remove chemicals Dressing Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss First Aid Interventions
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BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical Risk VF cardiac arrest Respiratory arrest Muscle spasm Safety!!! Assess - CPR Treat Cause Cooling Dressing Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss First Aid Interventions
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HEAD INJURIES Wounds Fractures Brain injuries
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HEAD INJURIES Wounds Fractures Brain injuries Scalp Facial
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HEAD INJURIES Wounds Fractures Brain injuries Cranium Base
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HEAD INJURIES Wounds Fractures Brain injuries Concussion Contusion Compression First Aid Interventions Assess - CPR Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss
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SPINAL INJURIES Responsive victim Unresponsive victim First Aid Interventions ABCDE Avoid unnecessary movement Treat for shock
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CHEST INJURIES Injuries to the chest wall Open Closed Lung injury
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CHEST INJURIES Rib fracture Flail chest First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat Cause Support chest wall Treat for shock
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CHEST INJURIES Hemothorax Pneumothorax First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat Cause Seal the wound Treat for shock Position
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ABDOMINAL INJURIES Closed injuries Open injuries
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ABDOMINAL INJURIES Closed injuries Open injuries First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat for shock Blow to the abdomen
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ABDOMINAL INJURIES Closed injuries Open injuries Penetrating wound Protruding organs First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat Cause dressing Treat for shock
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BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS Fractures Dislocations Sprains Strains Open wounds
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BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS Signs DOTS D eformity O pen wounds T enderness S welling
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BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS Signs CSM C irculation S ensation M ovement
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BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS First Aid Interventions Rest Ice Compression Elevation
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Practice: Log-rolling technique
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RESOURCES National Safety Council; FIRST AID AND CPR. Chapleau, W., Pons, P. (2007) EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. St. Louis: Elsevier Caroline, N. (2007) EMERGENCY CARE IN THE STREET. 6th ed. London: Jones and Bartlett http://www.orthonurse.org/portals/0/spine%20trauma.pdf http://www.orthonurse.org/portals/0/spine%20trauma.pdf http://www.itim.nsw.gov.au/index.cfm?objectid=B87D2A77-1321- 1C29-70E6185019A27B4E http://www.itim.nsw.gov.au/index.cfm?objectid=B87D2A77-1321- 1C29-70E6185019A27B4E
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