1. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode Grant Agreement number: 265392 Project Acronym: USEmobility Project title: Understanding Social behaviour for Eco-friendly multimodal mobility Funding Scheme: Coordination and Support Action (Supporting) Project starting date: 01.01.2011 Project duration: 26 months Short summary of: Deliverable D2.2 (National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode) Due date of deliverable: 05.05.2011 Completion date of deliverable: 11.05.2011 Lead partner for deliverable: BSL Transportation Dissemination level: Public Name of the document: Short summary of the deliverable D2.2 Full report can be downloaded at: www.usemobility.eu

2. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode EXCELDATEIPFAD.xls Key Findings National trends in passenger transport show a general increase of mobility and high growth rates in public transport, especially in recent years. Statistics / Data National policy Results of statistics and policy Need for USEmobility Management Summary National statistics and policies give an aggregate overview of national trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode at a macroeconomic level. An individual analysis of passengers behaviour questioning why people use public transport modes more intensely will help all actors to exploit to the full the potential of public transport in the future. 2 Political attempts to foster public transport exist in all research countries but do not dominate transport policies Implication for USEmobility

3. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode 3 1. Overview and comparison of the countries 2. Quantitative analysis  Macroeconomic analysis of transport markets  Research period of ten years (2000 – 2010)  Based on statistics (e.g. transport volume, number of vehicles, economic and demographic development, development of fuel prices and ticket prices in public transport) 3. Qualitative analysis  Examination of transport policy  Based on political programs of national/regional governments, relevant legislation, publications of governments, ministries, public transport authorities and providers, civil society organisations (e.g. consumer organisations, environmental organisations). 4. Results of the analyses Content

4. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode 4 The research countries are structured very heterogeneous concerning their dimension and economic performance Sources: Inhabitants, population density and GDP per capita: Eurostat, 2010. Modal split public transport: Eurostat 2008. Hungarian modal split public transport: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2008. Map created with Mappoint 2010 European Maps. Inhabitants: 10.8 Mio. Population density: 355 inh./ km² GDP per capita: 31,400 € Modal split public transport: 22.3 % B Inhabitants: 16.6 Mio. Population density: 399 inh./ km² GDP per capita: 34,600 € Modal split public transport: 17.0 % NL Inhabitants: 81.8 Mio. Population density: 229 inh./ km² GDP per capita: 29,300 € Modal split public transport: 15.9 % GER Inhabitants: 8.4 Mio. Population density: 100 inh./ km² GDP per capita: 32,800 € Modal split public transport: 24.9 % A Inhabitants: 10.0 Mio. Population density: 108 inh./ km² GDP per capita: 9,300 € Modal split public transport: 33.8 % HU Inhabitants: 4.4 Mio. Population density: 79 inh./ km² GDP per capita: 10,800 € Modal split public transport: 19.5 % HR

5. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode 5 1. Overview and comparison of the countries 2. Quantitative analysis  Macroeconomic analysis of transport markets  Research period of ten years (2000 – 2010)  Based on statistics (e.g. transport volume, number of vehicles, economic and demographic development, development of fuel prices and ticket prices in public transport) 3. Qualitative analysis  Examination of transport policy  Based on political programs of national/regional governments, relevant legislation, publications of governments, ministries, public transport authorities and providers, civil society organisations (e.g. consumer organisations, environmental organisations). 4. Results of the analyses Content

6. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode 6 Trends identified in the research countries at a glance Socio-economic and demographic trends  Stagnating population figures  Ageing of the population  General urbanization  High economic growth rates in Eastern Europe  Price increases in individual transport higher than in public transport Transport and mobility trends  Public transport is gaining on individual transport throughout Europe  Eastern Europe is gaining on Western Europe concerning motorization  Eastern Europe makes up for motorway network expansion  Supply in passenger transport by railway increases (train-kilometres)  Stagnation or reduction of rail infrastructure

7. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode % 20082005200019951990 20082005200019951990 20082005200019951990 20082005200019951990 % % % % PTITPTIT PTITPTITPTIT NetherlandsBelgiumGermany Focus of USEmobility AustriaHungaryCroatia 19951990200820052000 PTIT 20052008200019951990 Annual growth rates in public and individual transport 1990 – 2008. Source: European Commission – Statististical Pocketbook 2010. Hungarian Data: Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Growth rates in public transport are mostly higher than in individual transport (especially in recent years) 7

8. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode CHANGE OF INDICATORS IN % (2000 – 2008) 0.0 153.8 -1.4 114.3 0.0 3.9 3.4 14.0 -7.5 8.0 1.2 3.6 12.7 29.2 14.7 4.6 9.7 15.3 5.7 5.8 7.2 9.7 15.4 37.9 Croatia 28.3 35.0 Hungary -10.1 16.9 Austria 13.0 9.9 Netherlands 9.9 4.2 Germany 1.5 2.5 Belgium 45.1 5.1 Public transport by rail (exception: Demand values present public transport performance in general) Individual transport (only individual transport by car, without powered two-wheelers) TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE [in pkm] INFRASTRUCTURE [length in km] MEANS OF TRANSPORT OFFER [car stock and train kilometres¹] DEMANDSUPPLY ¹) Data for train kilometres in the Netherlands from 2007. In several countries the demand for public transport showed a greater increase than the demand for individual transport. Increasing demand for mobility in almost all research countries 8

9. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode 80.5 19.5 79.7 20.3 66.2 33.8 60.1 39.9 75.1 24.9 75.6 24.4 83.0 17.0 83.8 16.2 84.1 15.9 83.9 16.1 77.7 22.3 82.8 17.2 200020082000200820002008200020082000200820002008 public transport individual transport Increasing market shares in public transport in some countries Comparison of Modal splits 2000 and 2008 [in % of total pkm] Source: European Commission – Statistical Pocketbook 2010. Hungarian Data: Hungarian Central Statistical Office. There seems to be a change from declining market shares in public transport in the past towards increasing market shares at least in some countries. CroatiaHungary AustriaNetherlands BelgiumGermany 9

10. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode 10 1. Overview and comparison of the countries 2. Quantitative analysis  Macroeconomic analysis of transport markets  Research period of ten years (2000 – 2010)  Based on statistics (e.g. transport volume, number of vehicles, economic and demographic development, development of fuel prices and ticket prices in public transport) 3. Qualitative analysis  Examination of transport policy  Based on political programs of national/regional governments, relevant legislation, publications of governments, ministries, public transport authorities and providers, civil society organisations (e.g. consumer organisations, environmental organisations). 4. Results of the analyses Content

11. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode Political objectives Positive approaches  Transport sector is facing major challenges  Need for political action to make mobility more sustainable is generally seen  Noticeable increase of attractiveness of public transport Positive approaches towards increased multimodality but also obstacles and problems  Making public transport and multimodality more attractive for the users  Increasing market share of public transport and multimodality (modal shift) Obstacles and problems  Fostering public transport is mostly not dominating transport policy  Measures and implementations are often avoided or delayed due to financial problems  Still numerous measures fostering individual transport (road construction, tax benefits for company cars, car-scrap bonus, etc.) Rising awareness  NGO’s claim for more a consistent policy fostering public transport  NGO’s contribute to a rising awareness of problems concerning public transport and multimodality, both in politics and the population 11

12. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode 12 1. Overview and comparison of the countries 2. Quantitative analysis  Macroeconomic analysis of transport markets  Research period of ten years (2000 – 2010)  Statistics (e.g. transport volume, number of vehicles, economic and demographic development, development of fuel prices and ticket prices in public transport) 3. Qualitative analysis  Examination of transport policy  Political programs of national/regional governments, relevant legislation, publications of governments, ministries, public transport authorities and providers, civil society organisations (e.g. consumer organisations, environmental organisations). 4. Results of the analyses Content

13. National trends in passenger transport regarding the choice of transport mode EXCELDATEIPFAD.xls  …viewable in individual as well as in public transport  Demand for public transport is growing faster than for individual transport, especially in the last five years  There seems to be a change concerning market shares of public transport Increasing demand for mobility... Challenging competitive situation... Objectives to foster public transport exist... Potential still not exploited to the full…  …of public transport towards individual transport  Competition within the passenger market  And for political support Conclusions  …in all research countries at all political levels  But still do not dominate transport policies  Are often not consistently implemented and delayed  Focus on urban areas ...for increased use of public transport  Report D2.2 will help to understand transport behaviour in a general way  Analysis of changes in passenger’s individual behaviour is the focus of USEmobility. 13 Implication for USEmobility