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Voting and Elections
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15th Amendment States that no state may take away a person’s voting rights on the basis of race, color or previous enslavement
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19th Amendment Protects the right of women to vote in all national and state elections
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Voting Eligibility At least 18 years old
Resident of the state registered in Citizen of the United States Not have been convicted of a serious crime
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Polling Place The location where voting is carried out
Usually in public buildings such as schools, churches or libraries
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Precinct A voting district that contains a certain number of voters
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Ballot A list of candidates and issues a voter uses to cast their vote
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Florida 2000 Election Election between George W. Bush and Al Gore came down to Florida “Butterfly ballots” confused many voters who accidentally chose a different candidate “Hanging chads” were partially punched cards that had to be hand checked for accuracy George W. Bush eventually won Florida and the election
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Straight Ticket Voting for all the candidates in one political party
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Split Ticket Voting for some candidates from one party and some from another
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Absentee Ballot A way for people to vote who cannot get to the polls
Must be requested before Election Day and then mail it in
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Returns Voting results
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Exit Poll A survey taken at polling places of how people voted
Allows specialists to predict winners before all votes are counted
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“Dewey Defeats Truman”
Headline for the November 2, 1948 Chicago Tribune Incorrectly stated that Thomas E. Dewey had defeated Harry S. Truman
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Electorate All the people who are eligible to vote
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Apathy A lack of interest that prevents some citizens from voting
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Types of Elections Primary General Issues Special
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Primary Election A preliminary election in which voters of each party nominate candidates for office
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General Election A regularly scheduled local, state, or national election in which voters elect officeholders.
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Issues Election An election in which voters vote on new laws or constitutional amendments
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Special Election When voters are asked to vote for a unplanned election such as a runoff election and a recall election
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Runoff Election A special election in which no candidate wins a majority of the vote in the general election
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Recall Election A special election in which citizens vote to remove a public official from office
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Initiative A way citizens can propose new laws or state constitutional amendments
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Proposition A proposed law that is put on the ballot at a general election
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Referendum When citizens petition to have a law sent back to the voters for their approval
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Election Process 1) Nomination of candidate 2) Campaign 3) Vote
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Electoral College A group of people selected by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
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Winner-take-all System in which the candidate who wins the popular vote for a state receives all of the state’s electoral votes
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Canvassing When candidates or their representatives travel through neighborhoods asking for votes or public opinion polls
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Endorsement When a famous person supports or campaigns for a candidate
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Propaganda Information designed to influence opinion or promote a particular person or idea
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Federal Election Campaign Finance Act
Established Individual limits on donations Created the Federal Election Commission Forces public disclosure of each candidate’s spending Limited the amount of hard money that could be given to a candidate
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Hard Money Donations given to a specific candidate for their campaign
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Soft Money Donations given to political parties that are not designated for a particular candidate’s election campaign
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Incumbent Politicians who currently hold the position being voted for
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House of Representatives
Elect the president if neither candidate wins a majority of electoral votes
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