1. PULSE October 28, 2009 Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Nicolai Wohns

5. Hyperthyroidism also Hypothyroidism

6. Thyroid Function? Thyroid: Θυροειδής Shield: θυρεός

7. Metabolism

8. Growth

9. Development

10. Hyperthyroidism: Common symptoms and signs Heat intolerance Weight loss (with increased appetite) Easily fatigued (but with insomnia) Trembling hands Hard, irregular heartbeat (palpitations) Irritable, nervousness

11. Severe cases Shortness of breath Chest pain Muscle weakness Causes?

14. Grave’s Disease

15. Grave’s Disease: Common symptoms and signs Fatigue Weight loss with increased appetite other symptoms of hyperthyroidism Exophthalmos Non-pitting edema

16. Exophthalmos / Proptosis

17. Non-pitting Edema Causes? Pretibial Myxedema

19. Another autoimmune disorder…

20. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Hyperthyroidism vs Hypothyroidism

21. Hashimoto’s?

22. Hypothyroidism: Common symptoms and signs Heat intolerance Weight loss (with increased appetite) Easily fatigued (but with insomnia) Trembling hands Hard, irregular heartbeat (palpitations) Irritable, nervousness Sensitivity to cold Weight gain Fatigue Goiter Bradycardia, Tachycardia Depression, mania, panic attacks Hyperthyroidism

23. Treatment

24. Treatment : Grave’s Disease Antithyroid drugs Radioiodine: radioactive iodine-131 Surgery: thyroidectomy

25. Treatment : Hashimoto’s Disease T4 supplementation synthetic L-T4; standard treatment T4 and T3 in combination both synthetic L-T4 and L-T3 simultaneously Desiccated Thyroid Extract Pig thyroid extract: natural forms of L-T4 and L-T3