1. Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School Marietta, GA

2.  Chapter Objectives Explain how geography, economics, and cultural diversity affect the population of Latin America Discuss how Latin America’s history continues to affect the region’s politics today Describe how Latin American culture is affected by religion

4.  539 million people  9% of the world’s population  Ancestors of peoples who migrated to North America were the first people to settle Latin America  Indigenous: people descended from an area’s first inhabitants. Are they native to the area or just came sooner than others?  Do exercise on page 212 (1,2) Discuss

5.  What are the maps on the next slide showing?? Time period?

7.  Indians: Mexico, Central America and South America (Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia) Descendants of Aztecs and Incas Europeans: Spanish and Portuguese descendants at first (British, French, and German in smaller numbers) Argentina/Uruguay: immigrant nations. Africans: first came to work sugar plantations in the Caribbean and in Brazil Asians: came as temporary workers (Guyana, for example)

8.  http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=htt p://www.south- images.com/ecuador/indians-andes- 9749.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.south- images.com/photos-indians-ecuador- chimborazo.htm&usg=__GvkqyCa4VLc9oP_Bv R9HgaDBd1M=&h=398&w=580&sz=89&hl=en& start=1&um=1&tbnid=Aa9Am7nacGWJiM:&tb nh=92&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3DAnd es%2BIndians%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%2 6sa%3DG%26um%3D1

9.  Spanish: primary language  Portuguese (Brazil)  French: Haiti, Martinique, St. Martin  English: Belize, Jamaica, and Guyana  Native Indian languages  Dialect: particular form of a language unique to a person or group. Examples of dialects in the United States?  213 (1-2)  Most are bilingual: speak more than one language  Patois: dialects that blend elements of indigenous, European, Asian, and African languages. Gullah in the United States??

13.  http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=htt p://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/s tamps/suriname/Surinam_Stamp_Files/image s/surinamemap.gif&imgrefurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/surin ame/surinamStamps.htm&usg=__oB1QCvMMT eWQZOabOw4Jz_wclL4=&h=353&w=328&sz=1 0&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=i_i2qCSYvo6m RM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3F q%3Dwhere%2Bdo%2Bpeople%2Blive%2Bin%2Bs outh%2Bamerica%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactiv e%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1

15.  Live in 1/3 of regions land  350 million in South America: most along the coast “Populated rim” Interior of South America: rain forests, deserts, mountains, and poor soil Coastal regions: better climates, fertile soil, and easy access to transportation systems Largest area where people live in South America a. Amazon River mouth to Buenos Aires b. Venezuela to Chile Where they don’t live a. Amazon to Venezuela b. Patagonia  138 million: Central America and Mexico  37 million: Caribbean

16. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http ://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/st amps/suriname/Surinam_Stamp_Files/image s/surinamemap.gif&imgrefurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/surin ame/surinamStamps.htm&usg=__oB1QCvMMT eWQZOabOw4Jz_wclL4=&h=353&w=328&sz=1 0&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=i_i2qCSYvo6m RM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3F q%3Dwhere%2Bdo%2Bpeople%2Blive%2Bin%2Bs outh%2Bamerica%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactiv e%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1

17.  Relatively low in South America because of size of countries  Very High in the Caribbean  Mexico: relatively low for the country Extremely high in Mexico City with over 18 million people (30,000 plus per square mile)

18.  North: to United States Political freedom Economic opportunities Improved living conditions What states do they live in? Internal migration: Rural to Urban areas Difficult to make life as farmer: land is scarce Urbanization: the migration of people from the countryside to cities as well as change to a more urban society

21. p. 216 (1-2)

23.  Mexico City  Sao Paulo  Rio de Janeiro  Buenos Aires  Top 20 cities in the world. Other populated cities in the world?

27.  Megacities: cities that have expanded into the surrounding areas to have a population over 10 million people  Puts stress on infrastructure Safe drinking water Underground sewers New utilities Street maintenance Primate city: an area that dominates its country’s economy, culture, and political affairs

29.  People move to cities for the following reasons Higher incomes More educational opportunities Better housing Increased access to health care Jobs and housing can become scarce and living conditions can be substandard

30.  Engineering marvel  Save 7,000 miles from going around South America  Panama Canal Live Shots Panama Canal Live Shots

31.  Panama Canal Journey Panama Canal Journey

32.  Maya  Aztec  Inca

35.  Mayan Calendar Mayan Calendar

36.  Mayan temple video Mayan temple video

37.  Calendar: accurately measured 365 day solar year  Glyphs: picture writings carved on stone. About 500 in use Astronomy Could predict solar eclipses Mathematics Concept of zero

40.  Aztec 3 d-Temple Aztec 3 d-Temple

41.  Central Mexico

42.  Human Sacrifice/Cannibalism  Defined Class Structure: Nobility, Priests, Merchants, Slaves and Peasants  Agriculture: Crop Cultivations Chinampas: Fertile land areas that were constructed on rafts using the mud from the bottom of Lake Texcoco. (Maize, avocadoes, beans, squash, tomatoes) Chocolate. Used canoes to transport food back from islands.

46. p. 221 (1-2)

47.  Constructed massive temple structures  Used terracing  Constructed mountain roads  Domestication of animals (alpaca and llama)  Quipu: knotted cords to keep record of financial transactions

50.  Believed in reincarnation  Cranial deformation among nobility  Architectural accomplishments: stone temple construction  Coca plants were sacred  No written language

52.  Machu Pichu video Machu Pichu video

53.  Spanish Conquistadors: explorers/conquerors Hernan Cortes (Aztec) Francisco Pizarro (Inca) 1494: World divided between Spain and Portugal Spain: West Portugal: East (Brazil)

55.  222 (1-2)

56.  Viceroy: regional representative of the king who “supervised” the running of the colonial empire.  Catholic Church  Encomienda System: labor system in which an individual was given the right to use Indian labor or to tax them in return for educating them in Spanish and Catholicism. Many abuses of Indians took place.

58.  Built cities and towns that served as trading centers and seats of government  Plantations grew coffee, bananas and sugarcane  Established farms and cattle ranches  Indians were not long term answers to the labor demands of the colonists (died from diseases). Importation of African slaves began in the late 16 th century.

59.  Indian treatment by Spanish colonials Indian treatment by Spanish colonials

60.  Spanish colonists wanted to be independent  Indians and Africans wanted freedom from servitude  Late 1700’s  Started with Haiti and its slave leader, Toussaint Louverture (1804)  Mexico (1821) Most of Latin America was freed by Simon Bolivar (Venezuela) and Jose de San Martin (Argentina)

61.  Cuba (Spanish American War in 1898)  Many Caribbean islands did not gain independence until the 1900s.  Some Caribbean islands are still dependant (under foreign control)

64.  Strong Dictatorships and not much concern for Human Rights: Legacy of Spanish Empire  Governments run by single party (Mexico)  Military Officers  Wealthy  Influence of the Church  Caudillo: Dictator. Absolute rulers with sole authority to make decisions.

65.  South American Independence South American Independence

66.  Cuban Revolution: 1959 Ouster of Bautista and installation of Fidel Castro  Mexico ended one party rule in 2000  Rise of Hugo Chavez in Venezuela

70.  Catholicism  Protestant Denominations  Islam  Hinduism  Buddhism  P. 227 (1-2)  Syncretism: blending of religious beliefs into a single faith. (Voodoo Condomble (Brazil), Santeria (Cuba)