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Group 4 Derek Sheesley Sunil Shah Michael Iskhakov Marina Louis Anthony Jones
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Issues arise within prostheses without the doctors or wearers knowledge Estimations ok but more exact measurements needed Sensor that will [6]: Give real time information Alert the wearer when a problem arises
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Size 1 cm 3 Wireless sensor [6] 2-5 millimeters across 500 microns thick Biocompatibility (must be…) compatible with implant and body micro-disc electrode arrays, poly hema hydrogels[3] capable of withstanding forces in body
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Risk/Benefit Factor Biosensor must be made so that the risk of failure, as well as risk of further damage, is reduced Minimally Invasive Surgery should be kept minimal Use of ultra-thin flexible biosensors (<100 micrometers thick) to reduce size of incisions and risk of injury during surgery [5] Affordable Must be relatively cheap and be able to be mass-produced
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Strong, biocompatible material Stainless steel, titanium[2] Non-biocompatible materials coated with PEG or PDMS [3] Collection Good accuracy and precision Reduce noise with gyroscopic system [5] Telemetric data collection [6]
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Monitor state of implant and surrounding area Temperature, pH, force, pressure, etc. Early warning system Power Supplies Kinetic and Thermoelectric energy harvesters [1] Single inductor-capacitor component [4] Wireless (no electrical components)
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FDA rationale: High risk to benefit ratio Highly Invasive Number of parameters measured Signal Collection a)Noise [5] b)Patient Confidentiality
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TRAUMATIC IMPLANT REMOVAL SENSOR BACTERIAL ERADICATION microelectromechanical system that could be embedded within the implanted joint to detect the presence of bacteria and to provide in situ treatment of the infection before a biofilm can form [4] Dr. Sri, [THK], retrieved from : https://learn.dcollege.net/bbcswebdav/pid- 2140270dtcontentrid7564780_1/courses/20764.201325/Total%20Knee%2 0Replacement_SB.pdf
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Is Patient confidentiality at risk when a form of wireless communication is used to read a sensor?
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Incorporate a sensor into orthopedic prosthetics that will monitor their condition as they are being used by patients. Example Prosthetics such as: Knee, Hip, Spine. Sensors to record and transmit readings in concentration changes of specific substances present in surrounding blood and tissue.[8] Chemicals, Biological substances, Ions, etc. Sensor can’t be more invasive than its partner prosthetic; must be compatible both with orthopedic implant and patient. Side effects of transmitting sensor can’t compromise the benefits of implant
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Transmission must be coherent, accurate and precise. Possible depending on coating of sensor, such as a functionalized polymer coasting[8] Ultimately, sensor will aid in gathering data to design a more efficient prosthetic.
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[1] Andrea Cadei, et al,. 2013. Kinetic and thermal energy harvesters for implantable medical devices and biomedical autonomous sensors. Measurement Science and Technology, vol 25. Retrieved from: http://iopscience.iop.org/0957-0233/25/1/012003/pdf/0957- 0233_25_1_012003.pdf [2] Ehrlich G. et al,. 2006. Engineering Approaches for the Detection and Control of Orthopaedic Biofilm Infections. National Institute of Health (437): 59–66. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC151327 [3] Gusphyl Justin, et al,. 2008. Biometric hydrogels for biosensor implant biocompatibility: electrochemical characterization using micro-disc electrode arrays(MDEAs). Biomed Microdevices, vol 11:103-115. [4] Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2012. Implantable, Wireless Sensors Share Secres of Healing Tissues. Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/922474572 [5] Sirivisot S. et al,. 2006. Developing Biosensors for Monitoring Orthopedic Tissue Growth. Material Research Society, vol. 950. Retrieved from: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8014891 [6] Su-Jin K. et al,. 2012. Evaluation of the biompatibility of a coating material for an implantable bladder volume sensor. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 28, Issue 3: 123-129. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1607551X11002397
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[7] Umbrecht, et at,. 2010. Wireless implantable passive strain sensor: design, fabrication and characterization. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering vol. 20, 14. Retrieved from: http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/20/8/085005/pdf/0960-1317_20_8_085005.pdf [8] Guenther M., Gerlach G., et al. 2008. Hydrogel-based Sensor for a Rheochemical Characterization of Solutions. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. Transducers '07/Eurosensors XXI. Volume 132, Issue 2, 16 June 2008, Pages 471–476. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400507009094
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