2. Agenda Phil Lelyveld – Overview Dave Stump – DP, Camera
Phil Squyres - Workflow
Brad Lipson – DP, The Wedding Ringer
Greg Gardiner – DP, Rake (11 episodes)
Q&A
5-10 minutes each

3. Demo Area
Organized by
Brian Zink.
Thanks!

4. Overview of the Current Situation
Ultra HD Primer
&
Overview of the Current Situation
Philip Lelyveld
USC Entertainment Technology Center
6/24/14
SD is either 640x480 (4:3 unscaled) or Rec X480 (4:3, 16:9), PAL / SECAM 576x520
CEA defined - Ultra HD, ITU defined two UHD profiles in 2012: - UHD-1, 4K UHDTV – 3840X2160 (8.3 megapixels),
- UHD-2, 8K UHDTV – 7680X4320 (33.2 megapixels)
TRUE 4K = DCI = 4096x2160, 1.9:1, but there are others for cinema as well.
Wikipedia “List of Common Resolutions”
- over 100, incl. from phones, watches, tablets
- many digital TV and digital cinema pixel counts!

5. What is Ultra HD
SD is either 640x480 (4:3 unscaled) or Rec X480 (4:3, 16:9), PAL / SECAM 576x520
CEA defined - Ultra HD, ITU defined two UHD profiles in 2012: - UHD-1, 4K UHDTV – 3840X2160 (8.3 megapixels),
- UHD-2, 8K UHDTV – 7680X4320 (33.2 megapixels)
TRUE 4K = DCI = 4096x2160, 1.9:1, but there are others for cinema as well.
Wikipedia “List of Common Resolutions”
- over 100, incl. from phones, watches, tablets
- many digital TV and digital cinema pixel counts!
Source: What Is 4K TV?, MARCH 10, 2014,

6. Viewing distances For a 60” screen HD = 9.6’ Ultra-HD = 3.7’
ITU recommendation
HD – 3 picture heights
UHD – 1.5 picture heights
A person with normal vision cannot discern the pixels at these distances
Viewing distance
ITU-R BT 709 – HD is 3X picture height, 60 degree field of view
- “such that the system is virtually, or nearly, transparent to the quality or portrayal that would have been perceived in the original scene or performance by a discerning viewer with normal visual acuity.“
ITU-R BT.1769 – Ultra-HD is 1.5 picture heights for “a high sensation of reality) – 120 degree field of view
For a 60” screen; HD=9.6’, Ultra-HD=3.7’
Source: What Is 4K TV?, MARCH 10, 2014,

7. Is Higher Resolution Enough? For production workflow?
For consumers?
For production workflow?
SD is either 640x480 (4:3 unscaled) or Rec X480 (4:3, 16:9), PAL / SECAM 576x520
CEA defined - Ultra HD, ITU defined two UHD profiles in 2012: - UHD-1, 4K UHDTV – 3840X2160 (8.3 megapixels),
- UHD-2, 8K UHDTV – 7680X4320 (33.2 megapixels)
TRUE 4K = DCI = 4096x2160, 1.9:1, but there are others for cinema as well.
Wikipedia “List of Common Resolutions”
- over 100, incl. from phones, watches, tablets
- many digital TV and digital cinema pixel counts!

8. Ultra HD “Plus” Wider color gamut
“the subset of colors which can be accurately represented in a given circumstance”*
EBU presentation: Six parameters to explore
Spatial resolution
Colorimetry - More realistic colours
Higher dynamic range HDR (more realistic perception between brightest and darkest elements in a scene)
Temporal resolution: Frame Rate (>60p)
Bit-depth - 10, 12, 16, and full range coding
Aspect Ratio
(source: Beyond HD: Update, EBU webinar by Dr. Hans Hoffman (undated, 2012?)
* Gamut page in Wikipedia
Diagram by Dave Stump

9. Ultra HD “Plus” High Dynamic Range
“more realistic perception between the brightest and darkest elements in a scene”*
“It does bring sparkle to the image, and … more detail in dark areas.”**
EBU presentation: Six parameters to explore
Spatial resolution
Colorimetry - More realistic colours
Higher dynamic range HDR (more realistic perception between brightest and darkest elements in a scene)
Temporal resolution: Frame Rate (>60p)
Bit-depth - 10, 12, 16, and full range coding
Aspect Ratio
(source: Beyond HD: Update, EBU webinar by Dr. Hans Hoffman (undated, 2012?)
* Beyond HD: Update, EBU webinar by Dr. Hans Hoffman
** David Wood, ITU WG Chairman, April 29, 2014,

10. Ultra HD “Plus” Higher Frame Rate Ultra HD - Spatial resolution
Wider color gamut
Higher dynamic range
Frame rate – Temporal resolution (>120p)
Bit-depth - 10, 12, 16, and full range coding
Aspect Ratio
Higher Frame Rate
120p Frames per Second
ITU-R BT.2020 recommendation*
Better 3D TV experience*
EBU presentation: Six parameters to explore
Spatial resolution
Colorimetry - More realistic colours
Higher dynamic range HDR (more realistic perception between brightest and darkest elements in a scene)
Temporal resolution: Frame Rate (>60p)
Bit-depth - 10, 12, 16, and full range coding
Aspect Ratio
(source: Beyond HD: Update, EBU webinar by Dr. Hans Hoffman (undated, 2012?)
* Beyond HD: Update, EBU webinar by Dr. Hans Hoffman

11. Consumer and Market Data
SD is either 640x480 (4:3 unscaled) or Rec X480 (4:3, 16:9), PAL / SECAM 576x520
CEA defined - Ultra HD, ITU defined two UHD profiles in 2012: - UHD-1, 4K UHDTV – 3840X2160 (8.3 megapixels),
- UHD-2, 8K UHDTV – 7680X4320 (33.2 megapixels)
TRUE 4K = DCI = 4096x2160, 1.9:1, but there are others for cinema as well.
Wikipedia “List of Common Resolutions”
- over 100, incl. from phones, watches, tablets
- many digital TV and digital cinema pixel counts!

12. UHD adoption rate tracks HD Drivers: - rapid price decline
- availability of 4K content on internet video services
- up-rez capabilities from HD
Source: The Rise Of 4K TV — The New Technology Will Be In A Majority Of US Households Surprisingly Soon, Business Insider, April 10, 2014

13. Ultra HD Rapid Price Decline
Prices of 4K TVs fell 85% worldwide in just 2 years*
- Name brands command a 50% premium
- Low-cost Chinese sets dominate global sales
China domestic UHD TV sales account for…
- 87% of worldwide sales of UHD TVs in 2013**
- 78% of worldwide sales of UHD TVs in 2014**
*The Rise Of 4K TV, Business Insider, April 10, 2014
** NPD Group’s DisplaySearch data quoted in Who's leading the pack in 4K TV sales? China, Fortune, March 5, 2014

14. 4K x 2K LCD and OLED TV Forecast
2013 UHD TVs shipped
1.6M Worldwide
<100K US
(source Xbit Labs / )
Source:
Source: 4K UHDTV Shipments to Rise Dramatically in China Next Year – Analysts, Dec. 30, 2013, Xbit Labs

15. Ultra HD Rapid Price Decline
Chinese Manufacturers entering US/global market
Sony 49” $2,200
Samsung 48” $2,500
TCL 50” $800 on Amazon
Seiki 50” $770 plus $49 HDMI with up-rez chip
Worldwide average screen size ”
Demand for 32” is lower than demand for 60”
TCL = The Creative Life
Worldwide ave. screen size is 39.6”, as of Dec ( NPD Display Search)
Demand for 32” lower than demand for 60” (

16. Two key general-purpose technical advances*
HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) compression
Also called H.265 (~twice as efficient as H.264)
New UHD sets from Sony, Samsung, LG support it
VP9 from Google is a possible competing compression
HDMI 2.0 (High Definition Multimedia Interface standard)
Carries uncompressed signal to UHD TV
Increases bandwidth up to 18Gbps
Supports Ultra HD at 50/60 fps, 12-bit 4:2:2 color
Works with current high-speed HDMI cable
HDCP 2.2 – some say is the 3rd key tech for secure UHD content flow between devices (STB-to-recorder) – no unprotected outputs
- 6/24/14 CEA Updates Characteristics for Ultra High-Definition Displays
Voluntary technical display characteristics, effective September 2014, address picture quality attributes and interoperability
CEA also issues new characteristics for Connected Ultra High-Definition display
* Ultra HD and 4K TV: Everything you need to know, April 10, 2014,
- HDCP 2.2 – 3rd key tech? Secure flow between devices.

17. Content for UHD Displays

18. Content for UHD Displays
Web delivery
Netflix’s House of Cards “now streaming in UltraHD 4K”*
Amazon, M-GO, other streaming services coming
UltraHD 4K
Netflix supports
UHD and Digital Cinema sizes
8 bit and 10 bit UHD profile
14 Mbps adaptive streaming
5.1 audio
Breaking Bad
Web / IP delivery – first out of the gate, strategy – build subscriptions
Amazon plans to produce all of its new original comedy and drama series in 4K
* Netflix Now Streaming in Ultra HD 4K, May 2, 2014,

19. Content for UHD Displays
Storage Devices
Sony 4K Ultra HD Media Player ($499)
Ultra-HD Disc
UHD-capable Blu-ray disc expected by end of 2014
Likely 100 GB storage capacity (vs. 50 GB HD Blu-ray)

20. Content for UHD Displays
Broadcast, Cable, Satellite
Sky UK trial broadcast of English Premier League, Aug, 2013
BBC and Sony trial broadcast of Wimbledon 2013
BBC World Cup trial
Japan started UHD broadcasts on June 2, 2014*
Channel 4K will operate 6 hrs a day
Gov’t goal, commercial UHD broadcasting in 2016
Technicolor Ultra HD STB** for cable and sat services
Supports high frame rate, high dynamic range, 10 bit content
Japan channel 4K
- operated by Next Generation Television and Broadcasting Promotion Forum, or NexTV-F,
- will air contents provided by member TV stations, covering live music, travel and sports programs,
- for roughly six hours a day during the preliminary period.
Japan will also continue working towards 8K test broadcasting in 2016.
- country is hoping to unveil 8K technology commercially before Tokyo's hosting of the 2020 Olympics.
* Japan Starts First Ultra High-definition Trial Broadcast, June 2, 2014,
** Technicolor Ultra HD Set-top Box Supports High Frame Rate, May 1, 2014,

21. Content for UHD Displays
Up-rez from HDTV
All UHD-TVs have up-rez chips
Quality varies (low cost Chinese sets)
Seiki sells a high-end up-rez chip in the HDMI cable ($49)
Capturing in 4K produces a better image
HD, up-rez’d HD, and native UHD
Sony is selling “Mastered in 4K” Blu-ray discs
Filmed and scanned in 4K, then down-rez’d to 2K for Blu-ray

22. Questions? Take-Aways Maybe more colors, dynamic range, frame rate
Consumer adoption looks like HDTV
China – major market, and Chinese brands going global
Source: What Is 4K TV?, MARCH 10, 2014,

23. Agenda Phil Lelyveld – Overview Dave Stump – DP, Camera
Phil Squyres - Workflow
Brad Lipson – DP, The Wedding Ringer
Greg Gardiner – DP, Rake (11 episodes)
Q&A
5-10 minutes each