1. Yukihiro NISHIDA NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation)
Digital broadcasting in Japan, and R&D at NHK towards future broadcasting including UHDTV and 3DTV
Yukihiro NISHIDA
NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation)

2. Digital broadcasting in Japan R&D at NHK towards future broadcasting
Outline
Digital broadcasting in Japan
Terrestrial and satellite broadcasting
R&D at NHK towards future broadcasting
Strategy
Hybridcast
UHDTV
3DTV
Next generation of DTTB system

3. Digital broadcasting in Japan

4. History of Broadcasting in Japan
1925
2011
Radio
1953
2011
Terrestrial Analog TV
1969
FM Radio
1984
2011
Satellite Analog TV
1989
2007
Satellite Analog HDTV
2000
Satellite Digital HDTV
2003
Terrestrial Digital HDTV
2006
For Mobile

5. Digital Broadcasting in Japan
Terrestrial
Satellite
(Dec ~)
(Dec ~)
ISDB-T
(Terrestrial)
ISDB-S
(Satellite)
12GHz band
UHF band
HDTV
(1080)
Digital receivers: 114 millions (cumulative)
(as of Apr. 2011)
Mobile receivers:
104 millions (cumulative) (as of Mar. 2011)
Fixed reception
ISDB: Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting

6. Feature of ISDB-S (Satellite)
Multiple HDTV programs and hierarchical service in a channel
Example of slot allocation within a channel
Controlled by TMCC
Clear sky
Heavy rain
-2 slots
TS 1 (HDTV)
22-slot
TS 1 (HDTV)
24-slot
48-slot
Symbol rate
28.86 Mbaud
TC8PSK (1.08 Mbps/slot)
TS 2 (HDTV)
24-slot
TS 2 (HDTV)
24-slot
TS 1 (LDTV) 1-slot
QPSK 1/2 (1.08 Mbps/ 2slots)
+1 slot
TS 1 (LDTV) can be received even in a heavy rain. 6

7. Satellite Broadcasting in Japan (12 GHz band)
CH-1 HD
CH-3
CH-5
CH-7
CH-9
CH-11
CH-13
CH-15
CH-17
CH-19
CH-21
CH-23
Current
NHK
Analog HD
After July 2011 SD x7 7

8. Feature of ISDB-T (Terrestrial)
Simulcast of HDTV and service for mobile reception in one channel
13-segment, channel bandwidth: 6 MHz
HDTV
(1080)
12-segment
12-segment
1-segment
One-segment
On-air program
64QAM
FEC = 3/4
(16.851Mbps)
QPSK
FEC = 2/3
(416kbps)
Data service

9. ISDB-T supports 3 reception types
One TV channel
6, 7, or 8 MHz (13 segments)
Fixed
Reception
12 segment
HDTV
Internet / Telephone modem
Home Receiver
TV station
1 segment
12 or 1 segment
Mobile
Reception
Handheld
Reception
Communication link
diversity
reception
Handheld terminal
Receiver in Vehicle

10. Emergency Warning System
Text
Possibility of a flood in the xxx river has increased.
Residents in the surrounding areas should evacuate. Areas affected are as follows.
Warning message and picture
Emergency evacuation areas
Server
TV station
Evacuation recommendation order
On-air waves
Start signal +
warning
Automatic converter
Master room EMG-button
Tuner power-ON and warning message
Mobile base station
Request

11. Analog TV and Digital TV
Terrestrial TV broadcasting in Japan
VHF band
UHF band
90-108MHz
1 - 3ch
MHz
4 - 12ch
MHz ch
Current
Analog TV
Analog TV
Analog TV and Digital TV
18MHz
52MHz
300MHz
18MHz
32.5MHz
14.5MHz
90-108MHz
MHz
MHz
（Guard band）
After July 2011
Digital TV
Multimedia
for mobile
Telecom
MM for
mobile
(VHF Low)
(VHF High)
240MHz
10MHz
40MHz
Guard band
MHz ch
MHz
MHz
2012
Digital TV
Multimedia
for mobile
Telecom
MM for
mobile
ITS
IMT 11

12. Countries adopting ISDB-T and current status
Date
Country
Status
Jun. 29, 2006
Brazil
Launched in Dec. 2007
Apr. 23, 2009
Peru
Launched in March 2010
Aug. 28, 2009
Argentina
Launched in April 2010
Sep. 14, 2009
Chile
Adopted
Oct. 6, 2009
Venezuela
Mar. 25, 2010
Ecuador
May 25, 2010
Costa Rica
Jun. 1, 2010
Paraguay
Jun. 11, 2010
The Philippines
Jul. 5, 2010
Bolivia
Dec. 27, 2010
Uruguay
Under study in some other countries

13. Research & Development at NHK towards future broadcasting

14. NHK Science and Technology Research Labs.(STRL)
Established in 1930.
222 researchers (as of March 2011)
Research areas
Research for realizing enhanced reality and spatial reproduction media
Super Hi-Vision, three-dimensional television, and high-presence audio systems
Research for realizing useful and universal services
Advances in digital broadcasting, techniques for linking broadcasting and communications networks, and user-friendly broadcast services
Research for realizing environment for producing advanced content
Next-generation content-production systems, storage systems, imaging systems, and display systems

15. Broadcast services for all people, handicapped, and elderly people
NHK’s R&D Strategy
Natural 3D images not causing visual fatigue
Spatial Imaging 3DTV
20Years
Extremely high sense of reality as if you were on the site
Ultra HDTV
10Years
Enhance TV experience by taking advantage of broadcasting and communications services
Hybrid Broadcasting
3Years
Broadcast services for all people,
handicapped, and elderly people
Access Technology
Today and future

16. 3 years – Hybrid Broadcasting System
(broadcast, quality, reliability)
program
Hybridcast receiver
Communication
（meet personal request）
Broadcast station
Additional information
Network
(cloud)
Connected-TV
Synchronization
CGM, SNS
Content control/ delivery
Content protection
Personal data protection
Home

17. 10 years - Ultra High Definition TV (Super Hi-Vision)
Ultra high definition video - 33 Megapixels
22.2 Multichannel sound

18. Sensation of Reality (sense of being there)
<HDTV>
1920 pixels
Viewing angle:
30º
1080 pixels
Viewing distance: 3H
Test system of sensation of reality
< UHDTV >
Super Hi-Vision
HDTV
7680 pixels
4320 pixels
100º
Viewing distance: 0.75 H
(H: picture height) 18

19. Visual fidelity (sense of realness)
Real object
Display
Observer
<HDTV>
1920 pixels
1080 pixels
Resolution:
30cpd
Test system of sensation of realness
Viewing distance: 3H
Super Hi-Vision
HDTV
< UHDTV >
7680 pixels
Sensation of realness (ln(p))
4320 pixels
Resolution:
120cpd
Viewing distance: 3H
Real
object
(H: picture height)
Resolution (cpd)
(cpd: cycles per degree) 19

20. Wide-gamut colorimetry
RGB monochromatic primaries on the spectrum locus
UHDTV
Red(630nm)
Green(532nm)
Blue(467nm)
HDTV
Coverage of Pointer’s colour
UHDTV: 99.9%
HDTV: 75%
Most of the real object colors and the color gamut of the existing video systems (HDTV, D-Cinema, and Adobe RGB) are covered.
Texture of objects and highly saturated colours that are closer to those of real objects are reproduced well.

21. The world first 85-inch LCD for 8K UHDTV

22. 20 years – Spatial imaging 3DTV
Goggle-free and fatigue-free 3DTV system

23. Integral photography Holography
Research on 3DTV at NHK
1960
1980
1990
2000
2010　　　　　
Basic Research
Exploring various 3D systems
Visual comfort/discomfort Visual fatigue
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
- 3DTV systems - Stereo vision - Human factors, etc.
- Parallax barrier system
Requirements for comfortable 3D viewing
(system and programs)
- Parallax distribution analysis
Lenticular System (1994)
Full parallax, no glasses
Integral photography Holography
Phase 4
Compact 3D HDTV
Camera (1998)
Electronic Holography
3D HDTV Demonstration
at NAB (1991)
Integral 3DTV 23

24. Principle of Integral Imaging
Elemental images on a display plate
The system requires capture and display technologies that provide exceedingly high definition images.
Lens array
Reconstructed image
Elemental
image
Observer
Real image
Reproduction of the intensity
and direction of light rays
Elemental image
(around 20 x 20 pixels)
Display plate 24

25. The system uses micro-lens arrays to capture and display 3D images
Integral 3DTV System
The system uses micro-lens arrays to capture and display 3D images
Converging lens
Diffusion screen
Reconstructed
image
Depth control lens B G R
Object
UHDTV
Display
UHDTV
Camera
Observer
Upper
Right
Left
Lower
Full-parallax
Lens array
GRIN Lens array
Features
- Natural viewing experience without special glasses
- Full parallax in horizontal and vertical directions
- Feasibility of live broadcast

26. Developments of Integral 3DTV
1920x1080 lenses (20??)
Integral 3DTV
Stereoscopic
3D HDTV
2,000,000
Multi-view 3D HDTV
(eg.10 viewpoints)
1.5Tbps
Lens count
3Gbps
1,000,000
853x480 lenses (202?)
Integral 3DTV
300Gbps
100,000
160x117 lenses (2004)
viewing angle: 17.5 degree
4Kx2K system based
400x250 lenses (2009)
viewing angle: 24 degree
Full resolution SHV based
72Gbps
50,000
10,000
182x140 lenses (2007)
Dual-green SHV based
54x59 lenses (1999)
HDTV based
pixel count of the base video system 2M 8M
16M
33M
800M

27. Next Generation Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting
Dual Polarized MIMO
Channel equalizer
MIMO-ODFM Demodulation
Dual Polarized Antenna
Ultra-multilevel OFDM
Reducing the required C/N
Error Correction
Channel Estimation Schemes
Interference Cancellation
ISDB-T
2003
202x
?? Mbps
Next
Generation
18 Mbps

28. Next-generation ISDB-T system (example)
Bandwidth
5.57MHz
Carrier modulation scheme
1024QAM-OFDM
FFT size
8k (MODE3)
Guard interval ratio
1/8
FEC (Error Correction)
Inner Code: convolutional, r=3/4
Outer Code: RS(204,188)
Pilot signals
SP/CP: 8.3%
AC/TMCC: 0.23%
MIMO
(Capacity expansion technology)
2 x 2 (dual polarization)
Transmission Capacity
60.4Mbps
SP: Scattered Pilot
CP: Continual Pilot
AC: Auxiliary Channel
TMCC: Transmission and Mux. Configuration Control

29. Thank you for your attention.
NHK STRL